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Anatomy and Physiology > Cardiovascular system > Flashcards

Cardiovascular system Flashcards

1
Q

Systemic circulation

A

delivers blood to all body cells and carries away waste

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2
Q

Pulmonary circulation

A

eliminates carbon dioxide and oxygenates blood (lung pathway)

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3
Q

Heart size

A

size of fist, located in the mediastinum (2nd rib)

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4
Q

coronary arteries

A

supply blood to the heart itself, located in the surface of the heart

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5
Q

heart size

A

size of fist, located in the mediastinum

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6
Q

distal end of heart

A

apex

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7
Q

fibrous pericardium

A

encloses heart (like a bag) and has two layers

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8
Q

two layers of fibrous pericardium

A

visceral and parietal pericardium

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9
Q

pericardial cavity

A

contains fluid to reduce friction

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10
Q

wall of heart layers

A

epicardium, myocardium, endocardium

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11
Q

epicardium

A

outer layer, reduces friction

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12
Q

myocardium

A

middle layer, mostly cardiac muscle

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13
Q

endocardium

A

thin inner lining, within charmbers of the heart

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14
Q

your heart is a ____ pump

A

double

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15
Q

pulmonary flow

A

blood travels to the lungs and then back

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16
Q

systemic flow

A

blood travels to the body and then back

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17
Q

what are 4 chambers of heart

A

2 atria and 2 ventricle

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18
Q

atria

A

upper chambers receive blood returning to the heart through veins

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19
Q

ventricles

A

thick, muscluar lower chambers. Recieve blood from the atria above them, then pumos blood out of heart through arteries

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20
Q

septum

A

seperates the right and left sides of the heart

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21
Q

valves of the heart allow for

A

one way flow of blood

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22
Q

what are the 4 valves

A

2 atrioventricular & 2 semilunar

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23
Q

left atrioventricular valve

A

also called bicuspid valve or mitral valve

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24
Q

right atrioventricular

A

also called tricuspid valve

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25
Q

aortic semilunar

A

between left ventricle and the aorta

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26
Q

pulmonary semilunar

A

between right ventricle and aorta

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27
Q

flaps of the valves called

A

cusps

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28
Q

the valves are anchored to the ventricle by cords called

A

chordae tendineae

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29
Q

chordae tendineae are anchored to

A

papillary muscles

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30
Q

what are the 4 vessels in the heart

A

left main, right main, circumflex, left anterior descending

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31
Q

systole

A

contraction of a heart chamber

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32
Q

diastole

A

relaxation of a chamber

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33
Q

during systole the aortic valve is

A

open

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34
Q

during diastole the aortic valve is

A

called

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35
Q

blood pressure cuffs mearues

A

the force of blood in the vessels

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36
Q

when is blood force the greatests

A

during systole (larger top number)

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37
Q

disatole is the smaller number when the

A

ventricle relaxes

38
Q

average normal blood presure

A

120/80

39
Q

what tool measure blood pressure

A

sphygmomanometer

40
Q

what factors can affect blood pressure

A
  1. cardiac output
  2. blood volume
  3. blood viscosity
  4. peripheral resistance
41
Q

what measures heart sounds

A

stethoscope

42
Q

normal heart rate

A

60-100 bpm

43
Q

pulse points:

A

place where an artery is close to your skin

44
Q

3 pulse points

A
  1. carotid arteries (neck)
  2. radial arterie (wrists)
  3. brachial (arms)
45
Q

ECG

A

electrocardiogram

46
Q

ecg def

A

reading of electrical events during a cardiac cycle

47
Q

cardiac cycle

A

heartbeat

48
Q

P wave

A

depolarization of the atria (atrial contraction systole)

49
Q

QRS complex

A

depolasization of the ventricles (ventricular contraction systole)

50
Q

T wave

A

repolarization of the ventricles

51
Q

fast heart rate

A

tachycardia

52
Q

slow heart rate

A

bradycardia

53
Q

irregular

A

arrhythmia

54
Q

sinoatrial node (SA)

A

“pacemaker” generates rhythmic impulses which spread through the myocardium

55
Q

junctional fiber

A

carries impulses into the AV node

56
Q

Atrioventricular node (AV)

A

conducts impulses from the atria through the septum, to the ventricles

57
Q

AV bundle (of his)

A

w/in the interventricular septum. an RT & IT branch transmits impulses to walls of ventricles

58
Q

purkunje fibers

A

branch throughout the walls of ventricles and carry impulse rapidly, stimulating contraction

59
Q

where is the cardiac center

A

within the medulla oblongata

60
Q

blood vessels order

A

arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins

61
Q

Arteries

A

strong elastic vessels which carry blood moving away from the heart

62
Q

veins

A

thinner, less muscular vessels carrying blood toward the heart

63
Q

capillaries

A

exchange of materials between blood and tissues

64
Q

precapillary sphincters

A

circular, valve-like muscle at arteriole-capillary junction

65
Q

vasoconstriction

A

narrowing blood vessel

66
Q

vasodilation

A

expanding blood vessel

67
Q

blood flow through veins not very efficiant, factors include

A
  1. contraction of the diaphragm
  2. pumping action of the skeletal muscles
  3. valves in the veins
68
Q

aorta

A

ascedning apra, aortic arch, abdominal aorta. The largest artery.

69
Q

pulmonary trunk (artery)

A

splits into left and right, both lead to the lungs

70
Q

pulmonary veins

A

return blood from the lungs to the heart,

71
Q

superior and inferior vena cava

A

return blood from the head and body to the heart

72
Q

rught and left coronary arteries

A

supply blood to the heart

73
Q

brachiocephalic artery

A

right subclavian and right common carotid

74
Q

left common carotid

A

supplies blood to the head

75
Q

left subclavian artery

A

supplies blood to the left arm

76
Q

SIDS

A

sudden arrythmia death syndrom

77
Q

defibrillator

A

common treatment for cardiopulmonary resuscitation

78
Q

heart murmurs

A

unusual sound during heartbeat

79
Q

MVP

A

mitral valve prolapse: valve shifts out of place

80
Q

mitral regurgitation

A

backward flow

81
Q

myocardial infarction

A

obstruction of coronary artery

82
Q

atherosclerosis

A

plaquw in arteries reducing blood flow

83
Q

hypertension

A

high blood pressure

84
Q

aneurysm

A

blood filled balloon like buldge in wall of blood vessel

85
Q

stroke

A

blood flow in brain cut off

86
Q

aortic stenosis

A

valve or aorta is narrowed limiting blood flow

87
Q

ventricular septal defect

A

hole between two sides of heart

88
Q

how many stages in hypertension

A

3

89
Q

what is an elevated heart rate

A

120/80 or higher

90
Q

stage 1 hypertension

A

130/80

91
Q

stage 2 hypertension

A

140/90

92
Q

Hypertension 3, (see doctor)

A

higher than 180/120

Anatomy and Physiology (16 decks)

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