Cardiovascular system Flashcards
Systemic circulation
delivers blood to all body cells and carries away waste
Pulmonary circulation
eliminates carbon dioxide and oxygenates blood (lung pathway)
Heart size
size of fist, located in the mediastinum (2nd rib)
coronary arteries
supply blood to the heart itself, located in the surface of the heart
heart size
size of fist, located in the mediastinum
distal end of heart
apex
fibrous pericardium
encloses heart (like a bag) and has two layers
two layers of fibrous pericardium
visceral and parietal pericardium
pericardial cavity
contains fluid to reduce friction
wall of heart layers
epicardium, myocardium, endocardium
epicardium
outer layer, reduces friction
myocardium
middle layer, mostly cardiac muscle
endocardium
thin inner lining, within charmbers of the heart
your heart is a ____ pump
double
pulmonary flow
blood travels to the lungs and then back
systemic flow
blood travels to the body and then back
what are 4 chambers of heart
2 atria and 2 ventricle
atria
upper chambers receive blood returning to the heart through veins
ventricles
thick, muscluar lower chambers. Recieve blood from the atria above them, then pumos blood out of heart through arteries
septum
seperates the right and left sides of the heart
valves of the heart allow for
one way flow of blood
what are the 4 valves
2 atrioventricular & 2 semilunar
left atrioventricular valve
also called bicuspid valve or mitral valve
right atrioventricular
also called tricuspid valve
aortic semilunar
between left ventricle and the aorta
pulmonary semilunar
between right ventricle and aorta
flaps of the valves called
cusps
the valves are anchored to the ventricle by cords called
chordae tendineae
chordae tendineae are anchored to
papillary muscles
what are the 4 vessels in the heart
left main, right main, circumflex, left anterior descending
systole
contraction of a heart chamber
diastole
relaxation of a chamber
during systole the aortic valve is
open
during diastole the aortic valve is
called
blood pressure cuffs mearues
the force of blood in the vessels
when is blood force the greatests
during systole (larger top number)
disatole is the smaller number when the
ventricle relaxes
average normal blood presure
120/80
what tool measure blood pressure
sphygmomanometer
what factors can affect blood pressure
- cardiac output
- blood volume
- blood viscosity
- peripheral resistance
what measures heart sounds
stethoscope
normal heart rate
60-100 bpm
pulse points:
place where an artery is close to your skin
3 pulse points
- carotid arteries (neck)
- radial arterie (wrists)
- brachial (arms)
ECG
electrocardiogram
ecg def
reading of electrical events during a cardiac cycle
cardiac cycle
heartbeat
P wave
depolarization of the atria (atrial contraction systole)
QRS complex
depolasization of the ventricles (ventricular contraction systole)
T wave
repolarization of the ventricles
fast heart rate
tachycardia
slow heart rate
bradycardia
irregular
arrhythmia
sinoatrial node (SA)
“pacemaker” generates rhythmic impulses which spread through the myocardium
junctional fiber
carries impulses into the AV node
Atrioventricular node (AV)
conducts impulses from the atria through the septum, to the ventricles
AV bundle (of his)
w/in the interventricular septum. an RT & IT branch transmits impulses to walls of ventricles
purkunje fibers
branch throughout the walls of ventricles and carry impulse rapidly, stimulating contraction
where is the cardiac center
within the medulla oblongata
blood vessels order
arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins
Arteries
strong elastic vessels which carry blood moving away from the heart
veins
thinner, less muscular vessels carrying blood toward the heart
capillaries
exchange of materials between blood and tissues
precapillary sphincters
circular, valve-like muscle at arteriole-capillary junction
vasoconstriction
narrowing blood vessel
vasodilation
expanding blood vessel
blood flow through veins not very efficiant, factors include
- contraction of the diaphragm
- pumping action of the skeletal muscles
- valves in the veins
aorta
ascedning apra, aortic arch, abdominal aorta. The largest artery.
pulmonary trunk (artery)
splits into left and right, both lead to the lungs
pulmonary veins
return blood from the lungs to the heart,
superior and inferior vena cava
return blood from the head and body to the heart
rught and left coronary arteries
supply blood to the heart
brachiocephalic artery
right subclavian and right common carotid
left common carotid
supplies blood to the head
left subclavian artery
supplies blood to the left arm
SIDS
sudden arrythmia death syndrom
defibrillator
common treatment for cardiopulmonary resuscitation
heart murmurs
unusual sound during heartbeat
MVP
mitral valve prolapse: valve shifts out of place
mitral regurgitation
backward flow
myocardial infarction
obstruction of coronary artery
atherosclerosis
plaquw in arteries reducing blood flow
hypertension
high blood pressure
aneurysm
blood filled balloon like buldge in wall of blood vessel
stroke
blood flow in brain cut off
aortic stenosis
valve or aorta is narrowed limiting blood flow
ventricular septal defect
hole between two sides of heart
how many stages in hypertension
3
what is an elevated heart rate
120/80 or higher
stage 1 hypertension
130/80
stage 2 hypertension
140/90
Hypertension 3, (see doctor)
higher than 180/120
