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Anatomy and Physiology > Cardiovascular system > Flashcards

Cardiovascular system Flashcards

1
Q

Systemic circulation

A

delivers blood to all body cells and carries away waste

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2
Q

Pulmonary circulation

A

eliminates carbon dioxide and oxygenates blood (lung pathway)

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3
Q

Heart size

A

size of fist, located in the mediastinum (2nd rib)

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4
Q

coronary arteries

A

supply blood to the heart itself, located in the surface of the heart

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5
Q

heart size

A

size of fist, located in the mediastinum

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6
Q

distal end of heart

A

apex

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7
Q

fibrous pericardium

A

encloses heart (like a bag) and has two layers

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8
Q

two layers of fibrous pericardium

A

visceral and parietal pericardium

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9
Q

pericardial cavity

A

contains fluid to reduce friction

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10
Q

wall of heart layers

A

epicardium, myocardium, endocardium

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11
Q

epicardium

A

outer layer, reduces friction

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12
Q

myocardium

A

middle layer, mostly cardiac muscle

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13
Q

endocardium

A

thin inner lining, within charmbers of the heart

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14
Q

your heart is a ____ pump

A

double

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15
Q

pulmonary flow

A

blood travels to the lungs and then back

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16
Q

systemic flow

A

blood travels to the body and then back

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17
Q

what are 4 chambers of heart

A

2 atria and 2 ventricle

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18
Q

atria

A

upper chambers receive blood returning to the heart through veins

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19
Q

ventricles

A

thick, muscluar lower chambers. Recieve blood from the atria above them, then pumos blood out of heart through arteries

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20
Q

septum

A

seperates the right and left sides of the heart

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21
Q

valves of the heart allow for

A

one way flow of blood

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22
Q

what are the 4 valves

A

2 atrioventricular & 2 semilunar

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23
Q

left atrioventricular valve

A

also called bicuspid valve or mitral valve

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24
Q

right atrioventricular

A

also called tricuspid valve

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25
aortic semilunar
between left ventricle and the aorta
26
pulmonary semilunar
between right ventricle and aorta
27
flaps of the valves called
cusps
28
the valves are anchored to the ventricle by cords called
chordae tendineae
29
chordae tendineae are anchored to
papillary muscles
30
what are the 4 vessels in the heart
left main, right main, circumflex, left anterior descending
31
systole
contraction of a heart chamber
32
diastole
relaxation of a chamber
33
during systole the aortic valve is
open
34
during diastole the aortic valve is
called
35
blood pressure cuffs mearues
the force of blood in the vessels
36
when is blood force the greatests
during systole (larger top number)
37
disatole is the smaller number when the
ventricle relaxes
38
average normal blood presure
120/80
39
what tool measure blood pressure
sphygmomanometer
40
what factors can affect blood pressure
1. cardiac output 2. blood volume 3. blood viscosity 4. peripheral resistance
41
what measures heart sounds
stethoscope
42
normal heart rate
60-100 bpm
43
pulse points:
place where an artery is close to your skin
44
3 pulse points
1. carotid arteries (neck) 2. radial arterie (wrists) 3. brachial (arms)
45
ECG
electrocardiogram
46
ecg def
reading of electrical events during a cardiac cycle
47
cardiac cycle
heartbeat
48
P wave
depolarization of the atria (atrial contraction systole)
49
QRS complex
depolasization of the ventricles (ventricular contraction systole)
50
T wave
repolarization of the ventricles
51
fast heart rate
tachycardia
52
slow heart rate
bradycardia
53
irregular
arrhythmia
54
sinoatrial node (SA)
"pacemaker" generates rhythmic impulses which spread through the myocardium
55
junctional fiber
carries impulses into the AV node
56
Atrioventricular node (AV)
conducts impulses from the atria through the septum, to the ventricles
57
AV bundle (of his)
w/in the interventricular septum. an RT & IT branch transmits impulses to walls of ventricles
58
purkunje fibers
branch throughout the walls of ventricles and carry impulse rapidly, stimulating contraction
59
where is the cardiac center
within the medulla oblongata
60
blood vessels order
arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins
61
Arteries
strong elastic vessels which carry blood moving away from the heart
62
veins
thinner, less muscular vessels carrying blood toward the heart
63
capillaries
exchange of materials between blood and tissues
64
precapillary sphincters
circular, valve-like muscle at arteriole-capillary junction
65
vasoconstriction
narrowing blood vessel
66
vasodilation
expanding blood vessel
67
blood flow through veins not very efficiant, factors include
1. contraction of the diaphragm 2. pumping action of the skeletal muscles 3. valves in the veins
68
aorta
ascedning apra, aortic arch, abdominal aorta. The largest artery.
69
pulmonary trunk (artery)
splits into left and right, both lead to the lungs
70
pulmonary veins
return blood from the lungs to the heart,
71
superior and inferior vena cava
return blood from the head and body to the heart
72
rught and left coronary arteries
supply blood to the heart
73
brachiocephalic artery
right subclavian and right common carotid
74
left common carotid
supplies blood to the head
75
left subclavian artery
supplies blood to the left arm
76
SIDS
sudden arrythmia death syndrom
77
defibrillator
common treatment for cardiopulmonary resuscitation
78
heart murmurs
unusual sound during heartbeat
79
MVP
mitral valve prolapse: valve shifts out of place
80
mitral regurgitation
backward flow
81
myocardial infarction
obstruction of coronary artery
82
atherosclerosis
plaquw in arteries reducing blood flow
83
hypertension
high blood pressure
84
aneurysm
blood filled balloon like buldge in wall of blood vessel
85
stroke
blood flow in brain cut off
86
aortic stenosis
valve or aorta is narrowed limiting blood flow
87
ventricular septal defect
hole between two sides of heart
88
how many stages in hypertension
3
89
what is an elevated heart rate
120/80 or higher
90
stage 1 hypertension
130/80
91
stage 2 hypertension
140/90
92
Hypertension 3, (see doctor)
higher than 180/120

Anatomy and Physiology (16 decks)

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