DIgestive system Flashcards
How do humans obtain nutrients
food
disease caused by lack of vitamin c
scurvy
what protien can the body no longer produce with scurvy
collagen
symptoms of scurvy
swelling and bleeding gums, limbs turning black, slow healing wounds, fatigue
Function of the digestive system
breakdown of food and absorption of nutrients
what does the digestive system consist of
alimentary canal and accessory organs
4 layers of the alimentary canal
serosa (outside), muscle layer, submosa, mucosa
Mucosa
inner most layer, protect tissue and carry absorption
submucosa
glands, blood vessels, nerves
muscular
smooth muscles, pushes food
Peristalsis
pushes food
serosa
outer most layer, lubricates surfaces
what’s the purpose of the villa
increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients
mixing movements
mix food with digestive juices
propelling movements
peristalsis
mouth
begins digestion by chewing and miixing with saliva
tongue
moves food during chewing
frenulum
connects tongue to floor of mouth
where is the papillae located
tongue
palate
forms roof of oral cavity
uvula
at the back of the mouth
palatine tonsils
at back of mouth/throat, organs that protect against infection
what is tonsilitis
inflammation of tonsils
what are tonsil stones
hard formations on or within tonsils
mastication:
chewing of food which creates bolus
amylase
breaks down starch into sugar
what breaks down carbohydrates
amylase
what is the first hormone to be released when you think about food
amylase
where is the parotid gland
inbetween ear and teeth, biggest salivary gland
submandibular gland is where
under the jaw, towards the back of the mouth
where is the sublingual gland
under the tongue
what are the 3 sections of the pharynx
naso, oro, and laryngo
esophagus
moves food to the stomach
cardiac sphincter
entrance to the stomach
dysphagia
difficulty swallowing
top of the stomach region
fundus
lower part of the stomach
pyloric
4 regions of the stomach
cardiac, fundic, body, pyloric
cardiac region of stomach
esophageal opening, cardiac sphincter
fundic region
part that sticks up above the esophagus
body region
greater and lesser curvature
pyloric region
pyloric sphincter, controls emptying of the stomach into the small intestine
stomach lining
mucus prevents stomach from digesting itself
what breaks down food
gastric juice
pepsin
most important digestive enzyme for breaking down food (protein)
chyme
paste of food molecules after its been broken down; it is released from the pyloric. sphincter valve in the first portion of the small intestine (duodenum)
rugae
folds within the stomach, increase surface area
secretes insulin
breakdown of sugar
pancreatic juice
breaks down fat
secretes insulin and pancreatic juice both empty into where
duodenum
liver
has a large right and small left lobe
liver functions
maintains blood glucose, breakdown of lipids and fats,stores iron and vitamins, destroys damaged red blood cells, removes toxic substances, secretes bile
bile
yellow-greeen liquid aids in digestion, break fown of fat
what is jaundice
bile is not being broken down, causes yellow tint to skin, inflammation of liver
3 parts of small intestine
duodenum, jejunum, ileum
mesentery
supports the coils of the small intestine, contains blood vessels to carry nutrients
greater omentum
curtain-like membrane that drapes over parts of the system
intestinal villi
increase surface area for absorption of nutrients
gallbladder
stores bile
what are gallstones
crystalized bile
where does bile form
liver
where does bile empty into
duodenum
where does bile move through
bile duct
cecum
start of large intestine, attached appendix
valve from small to large intestine
ileocecal valve
colon
ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid
rectum
stoes waste before it is expelled from the body
anus
muscular sphincter which controls the exit of waste
large intestine function
water reabsoption and pass along material not digested
intestinal flora
bacteria to break down cellulose
main job of large intestine
water reabsorption
mass movements
large portions of the colon contract to move material through it, usually after eating
what doctors treat digestive system disorder
gastroenterologists
microbiome
home to bacteria
urinary system also known as
excretory system
function of Urinary system
maintains water balance and removes waste from blood by excreting them in urine
kidneys
bean shpaed organs on either side of the vertebral column
function of kidneys
form urine for excreation and reabsorption
how many liters of blood do the kidneys filter daily
1700
how many oz can your bladder hold
16 oz
cortex region of kidney
outer
medulla region of kidney
inner
hilum region of kidney
depression located in the middle
where does blood travel through the kidney
renal artery, arterioles, nephron, renal corpuscle, renal vein
what is the cappilary group called in the renal corpuscle
glomerulus
glomerulus
filter fluid from blood
where does the blood go in and out the kidney
in renal artery, out renal vein
ureters
tube, attached to kidney
how long are the ureters and how many
2, 6-7 inches long
peristalsis
rhythmic contraction of ureter smooth muscle which moves urine to bladder
urinary bladder
muscular organ that stores urine
how many milliliters can the bladder hold before emptying
300-400
urethra
smooth muscle, carries urine from the bladder to outside the body via the meatus
excreting urine is what
voiding or mictoration
urologist
doctors for urinary tracts and male reproductive system
urinalysis
examination of urine
what substance sugnals that kidney is not filtering properlly
urea or creatinine
hemodyalysis
filtering blood outside body
dysuria
painful urination
enurasis
lack of bladder control
diuretic
increase urine output
urinary system order
kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, meatus
IBS
irritable bowel syndrome
chart 1 (paper)
chart 2 (screenshot)
gastric bypass
turns stomach into 1/8 size for weight loss
appendisitis
inflammation of appendix
appendix
storehouse for good bacteria, helps you recover from diarrehea
GERD
Gastroesophageal reflux disease, acid reflux, hyloronic acid
swallowing food
deglutition
ADH
anti-diuretic hormone, regulates water in the body
