DIgestive system Flashcards
1
Q
How do humans obtain nutrients
A
food
2
Q
disease caused by lack of vitamin c
A
scurvy
3
Q
what protien can the body no longer produce with scurvy
A
collagen
4
Q
symptoms of scurvy
A
swelling and bleeding gums, limbs turning black, slow healing wounds, fatigue
5
Q
Function of the digestive system
A
breakdown of food and absorption of nutrients
6
Q
what does the digestive system consist of
A
alimentary canal and accessory organs
7
Q
4 layers of the alimentary canal
A
serosa (outside), muscle layer, submosa, mucosa
8
Q
Mucosa
A
inner most layer, protect tissue and carry absorption
9
Q
submucosa
A
glands, blood vessels, nerves
10
Q
muscular
A
smooth muscles, pushes food
11
Q
Peristalsis
A
pushes food
12
Q
serosa
A
outer most layer, lubricates surfaces
13
Q
what’s the purpose of the villa
A
increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients
14
Q
mixing movements
A
mix food with digestive juices
15
Q
propelling movements
A
peristalsis
16
Q
mouth
A
begins digestion by chewing and miixing with saliva
17
Q
tongue
A
moves food during chewing
18
Q
frenulum
A
connects tongue to floor of mouth
19
Q
where is the papillae located
A
tongue
20
Q
palate
A
forms roof of oral cavity
21
Q
uvula
A
at the back of the mouth
22
Q
palatine tonsils
A
at back of mouth/throat, organs that protect against infection
23
Q
what is tonsilitis
A
inflammation of tonsils
24
Q
what are tonsil stones
A
hard formations on or within tonsils
25
mastication:
chewing of food which creates bolus
26
amylase
breaks down starch into sugar
27
what breaks down carbohydrates
amylase
28
what is the first hormone to be released when you think about food
amylase
29
where is the parotid gland
inbetween ear and teeth, biggest salivary gland
30
submandibular gland is where
under the jaw, towards the back of the mouth
31
where is the sublingual gland
under the tongue
32
what are the 3 sections of the pharynx
naso, oro, and laryngo
33
esophagus
moves food to the stomach
34
cardiac sphincter
entrance to the stomach
35
dysphagia
difficulty swallowing
36
top of the stomach region
fundus
37
lower part of the stomach
pyloric
38
4 regions of the stomach
cardiac, fundic, body, pyloric
39
cardiac region of stomach
esophageal opening, cardiac sphincter
40
fundic region
part that sticks up above the esophagus
41
body region
greater and lesser curvature
42
pyloric region
pyloric sphincter, controls emptying of the stomach into the small intestine
43
stomach lining
mucus prevents stomach from digesting itself
44
what breaks down food
gastric juice
45
pepsin
most important digestive enzyme for breaking down food (protein)
46
chyme
paste of food molecules after its been broken down; it is released from the pyloric. sphincter valve in the first portion of the small intestine (duodenum)
47
rugae
folds within the stomach, increase surface area
48
secretes insulin
breakdown of sugar
49
pancreatic juice
breaks down fat
50
secretes insulin and pancreatic juice both empty into where
duodenum
51
liver
has a large right and small left lobe
52
liver functions
maintains blood glucose, breakdown of lipids and fats,stores iron and vitamins, destroys damaged red blood cells, removes toxic substances, secretes bile
53
bile
yellow-greeen liquid aids in digestion, break fown of fat
54
what is jaundice
bile is not being broken down, causes yellow tint to skin, inflammation of liver
55
3 parts of small intestine
duodenum, jejunum, ileum
56
mesentery
supports the coils of the small intestine, contains blood vessels to carry nutrients
57
greater omentum
curtain-like membrane that drapes over parts of the system
58
intestinal villi
increase surface area for absorption of nutrients
59
gallbladder
stores bile
60
what are gallstones
crystalized bile
61
where does bile form
liver
62
where does bile empty into
duodenum
63
where does bile move through
bile duct
64
cecum
start of large intestine, attached appendix
65
valve from small to large intestine
ileocecal valve
66
colon
ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid
67
rectum
stoes waste before it is expelled from the body
68
anus
muscular sphincter which controls the exit of waste
69
large intestine function
water reabsoption and pass along material not digested
70
intestinal flora
bacteria to break down cellulose
71
main job of large intestine
water reabsorption
72
mass movements
large portions of the colon contract to move material through it, usually after eating
73
what doctors treat digestive system disorder
gastroenterologists
74
microbiome
home to bacteria
75
urinary system also known as
excretory system
76
function of Urinary system
maintains water balance and removes waste from blood by excreting them in urine
77
kidneys
bean shpaed organs on either side of the vertebral column
78
function of kidneys
form urine for excreation and reabsorption
79
how many liters of blood do the kidneys filter daily
1700
80
how many oz can your bladder hold
16 oz
81
cortex region of kidney
outer
82
medulla region of kidney
inner
83
hilum region of kidney
depression located in the middle
84
where does blood travel through the kidney
renal artery, arterioles, nephron, renal corpuscle, renal vein
85
what is the cappilary group called in the renal corpuscle
glomerulus
86
glomerulus
filter fluid from blood
87
where does the blood go in and out the kidney
in renal artery, out renal vein
88
ureters
tube, attached to kidney
89
how long are the ureters and how many
2, 6-7 inches long
90
peristalsis
rhythmic contraction of ureter smooth muscle which moves urine to bladder
91
urinary bladder
muscular organ that stores urine
92
how many milliliters can the bladder hold before emptying
300-400
93
urethra
smooth muscle, carries urine from the bladder to outside the body via the meatus
94
excreting urine is what
voiding or mictoration
95
urologist
doctors for urinary tracts and male reproductive system
96
urinalysis
examination of urine
97
what substance sugnals that kidney is not filtering properlly
urea or creatinine
98
hemodyalysis
filtering blood outside body
99
dysuria
painful urination
100
enurasis
lack of bladder control
101
diuretic
increase urine output
102
urinary system order
kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, meatus
103
IBS
irritable bowel syndrome
104
chart 1 (paper)
105
chart 2 (screenshot)
106
gastric bypass
turns stomach into 1/8 size for weight loss
107
appendisitis
inflammation of appendix
108
appendix
storehouse for good bacteria, helps you recover from diarrehea
109
GERD
Gastroesophageal reflux disease, acid reflux, hyloronic acid
110
swallowing food
deglutition
111
ADH
anti-diuretic hormone, regulates water in the body
