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Anatomy and Physiology > DIgestive system > Flashcards

DIgestive system Flashcards

1
Q

How do humans obtain nutrients

A

food

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2
Q

disease caused by lack of vitamin c

A

scurvy

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3
Q

what protien can the body no longer produce with scurvy

A

collagen

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4
Q

symptoms of scurvy

A

swelling and bleeding gums, limbs turning black, slow healing wounds, fatigue

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5
Q

Function of the digestive system

A

breakdown of food and absorption of nutrients

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6
Q

what does the digestive system consist of

A

alimentary canal and accessory organs

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7
Q

4 layers of the alimentary canal

A

serosa (outside), muscle layer, submosa, mucosa

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8
Q

Mucosa

A

inner most layer, protect tissue and carry absorption

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9
Q

submucosa

A

glands, blood vessels, nerves

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10
Q

muscular

A

smooth muscles, pushes food

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11
Q

Peristalsis

A

pushes food

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12
Q

serosa

A

outer most layer, lubricates surfaces

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13
Q

what’s the purpose of the villa

A

increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients

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14
Q

mixing movements

A

mix food with digestive juices

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15
Q

propelling movements

A

peristalsis

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16
Q

mouth

A

begins digestion by chewing and miixing with saliva

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17
Q

tongue

A

moves food during chewing

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18
Q

frenulum

A

connects tongue to floor of mouth

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19
Q

where is the papillae located

A

tongue

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20
Q

palate

A

forms roof of oral cavity

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21
Q

uvula

A

at the back of the mouth

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22
Q

palatine tonsils

A

at back of mouth/throat, organs that protect against infection

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23
Q

what is tonsilitis

A

inflammation of tonsils

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24
Q

what are tonsil stones

A

hard formations on or within tonsils

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25
Q

mastication:

A

chewing of food which creates bolus

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26
Q

amylase

A

breaks down starch into sugar

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27
Q

what breaks down carbohydrates

A

amylase

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28
Q

what is the first hormone to be released when you think about food

A

amylase

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29
Q

where is the parotid gland

A

inbetween ear and teeth, biggest salivary gland

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30
Q

submandibular gland is where

A

under the jaw, towards the back of the mouth

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31
Q

where is the sublingual gland

A

under the tongue

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32
Q

what are the 3 sections of the pharynx

A

naso, oro, and laryngo

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33
Q

esophagus

A

moves food to the stomach

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34
Q

cardiac sphincter

A

entrance to the stomach

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35
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty swallowing

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36
Q

top of the stomach region

A

fundus

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37
Q

lower part of the stomach

A

pyloric

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38
Q

4 regions of the stomach

A

cardiac, fundic, body, pyloric

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39
Q

cardiac region of stomach

A

esophageal opening, cardiac sphincter

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40
Q

fundic region

A

part that sticks up above the esophagus

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41
Q

body region

A

greater and lesser curvature

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42
Q

pyloric region

A

pyloric sphincter, controls emptying of the stomach into the small intestine

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43
Q

stomach lining

A

mucus prevents stomach from digesting itself

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44
Q

what breaks down food

A

gastric juice

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45
Q

pepsin

A

most important digestive enzyme for breaking down food (protein)

46
Q

chyme

A

paste of food molecules after its been broken down; it is released from the pyloric. sphincter valve in the first portion of the small intestine (duodenum)

47
Q

rugae

A

folds within the stomach, increase surface area

48
Q

secretes insulin

A

breakdown of sugar

49
Q

pancreatic juice

A

breaks down fat

50
Q

secretes insulin and pancreatic juice both empty into where

A

duodenum

51
Q

liver

A

has a large right and small left lobe

52
Q

liver functions

A

maintains blood glucose, breakdown of lipids and fats,stores iron and vitamins, destroys damaged red blood cells, removes toxic substances, secretes bile

53
Q

bile

A

yellow-greeen liquid aids in digestion, break fown of fat

54
Q

what is jaundice

A

bile is not being broken down, causes yellow tint to skin, inflammation of liver

55
Q

3 parts of small intestine

A

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

56
Q

mesentery

A

supports the coils of the small intestine, contains blood vessels to carry nutrients

57
Q

greater omentum

A

curtain-like membrane that drapes over parts of the system

58
Q

intestinal villi

A

increase surface area for absorption of nutrients

59
Q

gallbladder

A

stores bile

60
Q

what are gallstones

A

crystalized bile

61
Q

where does bile form

A

liver

62
Q

where does bile empty into

A

duodenum

63
Q

where does bile move through

A

bile duct

64
Q

cecum

A

start of large intestine, attached appendix

65
Q

valve from small to large intestine

A

ileocecal valve

66
Q

colon

A

ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid

67
Q

rectum

A

stoes waste before it is expelled from the body

68
Q

anus

A

muscular sphincter which controls the exit of waste

69
Q

large intestine function

A

water reabsoption and pass along material not digested

70
Q

intestinal flora

A

bacteria to break down cellulose

71
Q

main job of large intestine

A

water reabsorption

72
Q

mass movements

A

large portions of the colon contract to move material through it, usually after eating

73
Q

what doctors treat digestive system disorder

A

gastroenterologists

74
Q

microbiome

A

home to bacteria

75
Q

urinary system also known as

A

excretory system

76
Q

function of Urinary system

A

maintains water balance and removes waste from blood by excreting them in urine

77
Q

kidneys

A

bean shpaed organs on either side of the vertebral column

78
Q

function of kidneys

A

form urine for excreation and reabsorption

79
Q

how many liters of blood do the kidneys filter daily

A

1700

80
Q

how many oz can your bladder hold

A

16 oz

81
Q

cortex region of kidney

A

outer

82
Q

medulla region of kidney

A

inner

83
Q

hilum region of kidney

A

depression located in the middle

84
Q

where does blood travel through the kidney

A

renal artery, arterioles, nephron, renal corpuscle, renal vein

85
Q

what is the cappilary group called in the renal corpuscle

A

glomerulus

86
Q

glomerulus

A

filter fluid from blood

87
Q

where does the blood go in and out the kidney

A

in renal artery, out renal vein

88
Q

ureters

A

tube, attached to kidney

89
Q

how long are the ureters and how many

A

2, 6-7 inches long

90
Q

peristalsis

A

rhythmic contraction of ureter smooth muscle which moves urine to bladder

91
Q

urinary bladder

A

muscular organ that stores urine

92
Q

how many milliliters can the bladder hold before emptying

A

300-400

93
Q

urethra

A

smooth muscle, carries urine from the bladder to outside the body via the meatus

94
Q

excreting urine is what

A

voiding or mictoration

95
Q

urologist

A

doctors for urinary tracts and male reproductive system

96
Q

urinalysis

A

examination of urine

97
Q

what substance sugnals that kidney is not filtering properlly

A

urea or creatinine

98
Q

hemodyalysis

A

filtering blood outside body

99
Q

dysuria

A

painful urination

100
Q

enurasis

A

lack of bladder control

101
Q

diuretic

A

increase urine output

102
Q

urinary system order

A

kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, meatus

103
Q

IBS

A

irritable bowel syndrome

104
Q

chart 1 (paper)

A
105
Q

chart 2 (screenshot)

A
106
Q

gastric bypass

A

turns stomach into 1/8 size for weight loss

107
Q

appendisitis

A

inflammation of appendix

108
Q

appendix

A

storehouse for good bacteria, helps you recover from diarrehea

109
Q

GERD

A

Gastroesophageal reflux disease, acid reflux, hyloronic acid

110
Q

swallowing food

A

deglutition

111
Q

ADH

A

anti-diuretic hormone, regulates water in the body

Anatomy and Physiology (16 decks)

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