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Anatomy and Physiology > nervous system and neurons > Flashcards

nervous system and neurons Flashcards

1
Q

MRI

A

Magnetic resonance imaging

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2
Q

lumbar puncture

A

needle placed between lumbar and spinal fluid to draw and check for inflammation or bacterial infection

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3
Q

the nervous systems includes,

A

brain, spinal cord, and nerves

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4
Q

function of nervous system

A

coordinate the bodys systems by receiving and sending information and maintaining homeostasis

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5
Q

Nervous system sensory

A

recieves information

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6
Q

nervous system integrative

A

determines where information is sent

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7
Q

nervous system motor

A

responds to signals

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8
Q

what are the two divisions of the nervous system

A

central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

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9
Q

What does the central nervous system include

A

brain and spinal cord

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10
Q

what does the peripheral nervous sytem include

A

peripheral nerves through the body

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11
Q

how many pairs of spinal nerves

A

31

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12
Q

how many pairs of cranial nerves

A

12

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13
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

skeletal, voluntary

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14
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

smooth muscles, glands, involuntary

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15
Q

what does the peripheral system divide into

A

somatic and autonomic

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16
Q

what does the autonomic nervous system divde into

A

parasympathetic and sympathetic

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17
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A

rest and digest

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18
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

fight or flight

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19
Q

neuron definition

A

mass of nerve cells that transmit information

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20
Q

cell body

A

contains the nucleus and other cell organelles

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21
Q

dendrites

A

shorter, more numerous, recieve information

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22
Q

axons

A

single long fibers, conduct information away

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23
Q

chromatophilic

A

substance, transport sustem

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24
Q

myelin

A

insulation surrounding axons

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25
nodes of ranvier
gaps in the insulation
26
microglial cells
immune function, digest debris, kill bacteria
27
oligodendrocytes
make myelin sheath that provides insulations for axons
28
astrocytes
connect blood vessels to neurons
29
ependymal cells
form membrances around tissues
30
schwann cells
also form myeline sheath, found in the PNS
31
MYELIN SHEATHS
insulate axons
32
gaps in myelin sheaths are called
nodes of ranvier
33
myelinated
white matter, myelinated axons
34
unmyelinated
grey matter
35
what are lesions
evidence of nerve cells damage in brain or spinal cord
36
nerve impulses
weak electric current like a wave
37
neuron membrance maintains
resting position
38
what does bioelectric currencts stimulate
adjacent portions of the membrane
39
what waves travel the length of the axon as a nerve impulse
action potential
40
synapse
junction between 2 communicating neurons
41
nerve pathway
nerve impilse travels from neuron to neuron
42
what completes a signal
neurotransmitter released at the gap to signal the next neuron
43
what are the 2 kind of neurotransmitters
excitatory and inhibitory
44
excitatory
increase membrance permeability, increase chance for threshold to be achieved
45
inhibitory
decrease membrane permeability and decrease chance for threshold to be acheive
46
acetycholine
stimulates muscle contraction
47
dopamine
mood and happiness
48
serotonin
sleepiness and mood
49
andorphins
pain reduction
50
agonists
molecule that has the same effect on the neuron as the original neurotransmitter, it mimics the molecule
51
antagonist
molecule that blocs the effect of a neurotransmitter
52
cocain
blocks dopamine transporters
53
ecstasy
acts like a SSRI
54
heroin
block release of GABA
55
amphetamines
mimic dopamine
56
ALS
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, progressive degeneration of nerve cells in the central nervous system
57
Epilepsy
seizures caused by exsessive electrical activity with in networks of neurons in the brain
58
Myasthenia Gravis
autoimmune disorder which antibodies destroy neuromuscular connections
59
how many nerve cells are present before birth
100 billion
60
where do new nerve cells form until the age of 2
cerebellum, prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus
61
where do new nerve cells form in adult years
hippocampus for learning and memory
62
how much does the brain weigh
3 pounds
63
what are the 3 major parts of the brain
cerebellum, brainstem, and cerebrum
64
the cerebellum recieve sensory input from where
eyes, ears, joints, muscles about positions of body parts
65
what does the cerebellum send impulse out to
muscles to maintain posture and balance
66
What is the brainstem made up of
midbrain; pons and the medulla oblongata
67
midbrain
involved with visual reflexes
68
pons location
located between the midbrain and the medulla oblongata
69
pons
controls certain respiratory function
70
medulla oblongata
contains centers that regulate heart and lung functioning, swallowing, coughing, vomiting, and sneezing
71
what does the brainstem regulate
function of organs
72
Brainstem causes what
breathing, heartbeat/pulse
73
what is the largest part of the brain
cerebrum
74
what does the cerebrum do
communicates/ coordinates or other parts of brain
75
what controls out higher thought process: learning, memory, language, speech, reasoning
cerebrum
76
4 lobes in the cerebrum
parietal, occipital, temporal, frontal
77
parietal function
touch of skin and movement
78
occipital function
sight
79
temporal function
hearing, intelligence/ personality, walk and talk
80
Left temporal name
wernickes area
81
function of wenickes area
understand spoken and written words
82
Left frontal name
broca's area
83
brocas area function
speak and write
84
cranial nerves
12 pairs of nerves that attach directly to the brain
85
Cranial nerve names
olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducens, facial, vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory nerve, and hypoglossal
86
olfactory function
smell
86
olfactory function
smell
87
Optic function
vision
88
oculomotor function
eye muscles
89
trochlear function
eye muscles
90
trigeminal function
facial (sensory), chewing muscles
91
abducens function
eye muscles
92
facial function
taste, facial muscles
93
vestibulocochlear function
balance and hearing
94
glossopharyngeal function
taste and swallowing
95
vagus function
longest cranial nerve, sensory and motor neurons, has branches in the ear canal (cotton swab cough)
96
accessory nerve function
neck and upper back muscles
97
hypoglossal function
tongue (motor)

Anatomy and Physiology (16 decks)

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