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Anatomy and Physiology > nervous system and neurons > Flashcards

nervous system and neurons Flashcards

1
Q

MRI

A

Magnetic resonance imaging

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2
Q

lumbar puncture

A

needle placed between lumbar and spinal fluid to draw and check for inflammation or bacterial infection

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3
Q

the nervous systems includes,

A

brain, spinal cord, and nerves

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4
Q

function of nervous system

A

coordinate the bodys systems by receiving and sending information and maintaining homeostasis

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5
Q

Nervous system sensory

A

recieves information

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6
Q

nervous system integrative

A

determines where information is sent

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7
Q

nervous system motor

A

responds to signals

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8
Q

what are the two divisions of the nervous system

A

central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

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9
Q

What does the central nervous system include

A

brain and spinal cord

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10
Q

what does the peripheral nervous sytem include

A

peripheral nerves through the body

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11
Q

how many pairs of spinal nerves

A

31

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12
Q

how many pairs of cranial nerves

A

12

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13
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

skeletal, voluntary

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14
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

smooth muscles, glands, involuntary

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15
Q

what does the peripheral system divide into

A

somatic and autonomic

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16
Q

what does the autonomic nervous system divde into

A

parasympathetic and sympathetic

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17
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A

rest and digest

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18
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

fight or flight

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19
Q

neuron definition

A

mass of nerve cells that transmit information

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20
Q

cell body

A

contains the nucleus and other cell organelles

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21
Q

dendrites

A

shorter, more numerous, recieve information

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22
Q

axons

A

single long fibers, conduct information away

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23
Q

chromatophilic

A

substance, transport sustem

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24
Q

myelin

A

insulation surrounding axons

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25
Q

nodes of ranvier

A

gaps in the insulation

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26
Q

microglial cells

A

immune function, digest debris, kill bacteria

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27
Q

oligodendrocytes

A

make myelin sheath that provides insulations for axons

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28
Q

astrocytes

A

connect blood vessels to neurons

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29
Q

ependymal cells

A

form membrances around tissues

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30
Q

schwann cells

A

also form myeline sheath, found in the PNS

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31
Q

MYELIN SHEATHS

A

insulate axons

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32
Q

gaps in myelin sheaths are called

A

nodes of ranvier

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33
Q

myelinated

A

white matter, myelinated axons

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34
Q

unmyelinated

A

grey matter

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35
Q

what are lesions

A

evidence of nerve cells damage in brain or spinal cord

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36
Q

nerve impulses

A

weak electric current like a wave

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37
Q

neuron membrance maintains

A

resting position

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38
Q

what does bioelectric currencts stimulate

A

adjacent portions of the membrane

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39
Q

what waves travel the length of the axon as a nerve impulse

A

action potential

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40
Q

synapse

A

junction between 2 communicating neurons

41
Q

nerve pathway

A

nerve impilse travels from neuron to neuron

42
Q

what completes a signal

A

neurotransmitter released at the gap to signal the next neuron

43
Q

what are the 2 kind of neurotransmitters

A

excitatory and inhibitory

44
Q

excitatory

A

increase membrance permeability, increase chance for threshold to be achieved

45
Q

inhibitory

A

decrease membrane permeability and decrease chance for threshold to be acheive

46
Q

acetycholine

A

stimulates muscle contraction

47
Q

dopamine

A

mood and happiness

48
Q

serotonin

A

sleepiness and mood

49
Q

andorphins

A

pain reduction

50
Q

agonists

A

molecule that has the same effect on the neuron as the original neurotransmitter, it mimics the molecule

51
Q

antagonist

A

molecule that blocs the effect of a neurotransmitter

52
Q

cocain

A

blocks dopamine transporters

53
Q

ecstasy

A

acts like a SSRI

54
Q

heroin

A

block release of GABA

55
Q

amphetamines

A

mimic dopamine

56
Q

ALS

A

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, progressive degeneration of nerve cells in the central nervous system

57
Q

Epilepsy

A

seizures caused by exsessive electrical activity with in networks of neurons in the brain

58
Q

Myasthenia Gravis

A

autoimmune disorder which antibodies destroy neuromuscular connections

59
Q

how many nerve cells are present before birth

A

100 billion

60
Q

where do new nerve cells form until the age of 2

A

cerebellum, prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus

61
Q

where do new nerve cells form in adult years

A

hippocampus for learning and memory

62
Q

how much does the brain weigh

A

3 pounds

63
Q

what are the 3 major parts of the brain

A

cerebellum, brainstem, and cerebrum

64
Q

the cerebellum recieve sensory input from where

A

eyes, ears, joints, muscles about positions of body parts

65
Q

what does the cerebellum send impulse out to

A

muscles to maintain posture and balance

66
Q

What is the brainstem made up of

A

midbrain; pons and the medulla oblongata

67
Q

midbrain

A

involved with visual reflexes

68
Q

pons location

A

located between the midbrain and the medulla oblongata

69
Q

pons

A

controls certain respiratory function

70
Q

medulla oblongata

A

contains centers that regulate heart and lung functioning, swallowing, coughing, vomiting, and sneezing

71
Q

what does the brainstem regulate

A

function of organs

72
Q

Brainstem causes what

A

breathing, heartbeat/pulse

73
Q

what is the largest part of the brain

A

cerebrum

74
Q

what does the cerebrum do

A

communicates/ coordinates or other parts of brain

75
Q

what controls out higher thought process: learning, memory, language, speech, reasoning

A

cerebrum

76
Q

4 lobes in the cerebrum

A

parietal, occipital, temporal, frontal

77
Q

parietal function

A

touch of skin and movement

78
Q

occipital function

A

sight

79
Q

temporal function

A

hearing, intelligence/ personality, walk and talk

80
Q

Left temporal name

A

wernickes area

81
Q

function of wenickes area

A

understand spoken and written words

82
Q

Left frontal name

A

broca’s area

83
Q

brocas area function

A

speak and write

84
Q

cranial nerves

A

12 pairs of nerves that attach directly to the brain

85
Q

Cranial nerve names

A

olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducens, facial, vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory nerve, and hypoglossal

86
Q

olfactory function

A

smell

86
Q

olfactory function

A

smell

87
Q

Optic function

A

vision

88
Q

oculomotor function

A

eye muscles

89
Q

trochlear function

A

eye muscles

90
Q

trigeminal function

A

facial (sensory), chewing muscles

91
Q

abducens function

A

eye muscles

92
Q

facial function

A

taste, facial muscles

93
Q

vestibulocochlear function

A

balance and hearing

94
Q

glossopharyngeal function

A

taste and swallowing

95
Q

vagus function

A

longest cranial nerve, sensory and motor neurons, has branches in the ear canal (cotton swab cough)

96
Q

accessory nerve function

A

neck and upper back muscles

97
Q

hypoglossal function

A

tongue (motor)

Anatomy and Physiology (16 decks)

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