Respiratory System Flashcards
4 stages of respiration
- pulmonary ventilation
- external respiration
- respiratory gas transport
- internal respiration
Which stages of respiration has to do with the respiratory system?
- first two
- pulmonary ventilation and external respiration
Organs of the respiratory system
- nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses
- pharynx, larynx
- trachea, bronchi
- lungs, alveoli
Pulmonary ventilation
- breathing
- inspiration and expiration
External respiration
- oxygen from lungs to blood
- carbon dioxide from blood to lungs
Respiratory gas transport
- oxygen from lungs to tissue cells
- carbon dioxide from tissue cells to lungs
- cardiovascular system
Internal respiration
- oxygen from blood to cells
- carbon dioxide from cells to blood
2 zones in the respiratory system
- respiratory zone (site of gas exchange - bronchioles and alveolar ducts)
- conducting zone (all other passageways)
Actual site of gas exchange
- respiratory zone
- bronchioles and alveoli
Organs in upper respiratory tract
- nose, paranasal sinuses, pharynx, larynx, trachea
Organs in lower respiratory tract
- broncial tree
- alveoli
- lungs
- pleurae
Function of nose
- mucus, filter
- olfactory epithelium
Olfactory epithelium
- root of nasal cavity
- sense of smell
Structure that lightens skull
- paranasal sinuses
Pharynx
- passageway for air and food
- connects the nasal cavity to larynx / oral cavity to esophagus
- have tonsils
Pharyngeal tonsils
- lymphoid organs
Larynx
- connect pharynx to trachea
- to opening of glottis
- has vocal folds
Opening of trachea
- glottis, covered by epiglottis
What prevent trachea from collapse?
- cartilage
What does loudness of voice depend on?
- force with which air ushes against vocal folds
- more force, more vibration, more sound
What muscle is bronchial tree made of?
- smooth muscle
- tree connects trachea with alveoli
Alveoli
- simple squamous epithelium
- main gas exchange site
Where are lungs located?
- mediastinum
Pleurae
- serous membrane
- parietal pleura lines thoracic cavity
- visceral pleura lines external lung surfaces
Lobes of the lungs
- left 2 lobes
- right 3 lobes
What is hilum?
- where vessels and nerves pass from bronchus to lungs
What is hilum?
- where vessels and nerves pass from bronchus to lungs
What is hilum?
- where vessels and nerves pass from bronchus to lungs
Intrapulmonary pressure
- pressure in alveoli
Intrapleural pressure
- pressure in pleural cavity (4mmHg less than intrapulmonary pressure)
Inspiration
- pulmonary ventilation
- muscles contract
- diaphragm falls; ribcage rises; lungs stretch
- Ppul < Patm
Expiration
- pulmonary ventilation
- muscles relax
- diaphragm rises; ribcage falls
carbon dioxide transport in body
- 10 percent dissolved in plasma
- 20% bound to hemoglobin as carbaminohemoglobin
- over 70% as bicarbonate ions in plasma
