Fluid, Electrolyte, Acid-Base Balance Flashcards
1
Q
Least hydrated tissue in body
A
- adipose tissue
2
Q
2 main fluid (water) compartments
A
- intracellular fluid (ICF) 2/3
- extracellular fluid (ECF) 1/3
3
Q
Extracellular fluid (water) compartment
A
(1) 20% plasma (fluid portion of blood)
(2) 80% interstitial fluid (fluid in spaces between tissue cells)
4
Q
Bonds in nonelectrolytes
A
- covalent bonds
- do not dissociate in solutions
5
Q
examples of nonelectrolytes
A
- organic molecules like glucose, lipids, creatinine and urea
6
Q
electrolytes
A
- dissociate into ions in water
- can conduct electric current
- inorganic salts, acids and bases, some proteins
7
Q
what releases ADH
A
- posterior pituitary
8
Q
what releases aldosterone
A
- adrenal cortex
9
Q
Purpose of antidiuretic hormone
A
- conserves water: promotes water reabsorption by collecting ducts in kidneys
- in response to increased sodium concentration in plasma and increased ECF osmolality
10
Q
Purpose of aldosterone
A
- affects kidney tubules to increase Na+ reabsorption and K+ secretion
- in response to increased K+ conc in ECF and decreased Na+ content
11
Q
opposite effect of ADH
A
- aldosterone
12
Q
Influence of atrial natriuretic peptide
A
- released in heart
- reduces blood pressure and blood volume by inhibiting vasoconstriction, Na+ and water retention
- makes collecting ducts reabsorb more H2O; decrease Na+ reabsorption
13
Q
Hormone that reduces BP and BV
A
- atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) released by cardiac muscle cells
14
Q
Female sex hormones and water regulation
A
- estrogens: like aldosterone, enhance NaCl reabsorption by renal tubules
- progesterone: decrease Na+ reabsorption
15
Q
Hormones that enhance tubular reabsorption of Na+
A
- aldosterone
- estrogen (female sex hormone)
- glucocorticoids (cortisol)
