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respiratory system Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Most of the carbon dioxide in the blood is transported as…

A

bicarbonate ions

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2
Q

what term describes a reduced oxygen supply to the tissues?

A

hypoxia

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3
Q

Lung volumes can be measured using a…
pulse oximeter
Cross
bronchoscope
sphygmomanometer
stethoscope
spirometer

A

spirometer

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4
Q

Which of the following occurs during inhalation at rest?
Closure of the glottis
Relaxation of the sternocleidomastoid muscles
Contraction of the diaphragm
Contraction of the internal intercostal muscles
A rise in the pressure in the thoracic cavity

A

Contraction of the diaphragm

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5
Q

The trachea…
Branches within the mediastinum, giving rise to the right and left pulmonary bronchi
Contains 100-200 continuous rings of cartilage, called oesophageal rings
Is a tough, flexible tube approximately 2-3cm long
Is the muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach
Lies posterior to the oesophagus

A

Branches within the mediastinum, giving rise to the right and left pulmonary bronchi

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6
Q

The vocal cords are located in the…

A

larynx

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7
Q

Which of the following would increase respiration rate?
An increase in blood pH
An increase in blood oxygen concentration
An increase in blood carbon dioxide concentration
An increase in tidal volume
An increase in blood sodium concentration

A

An increase in blood carbon dioxide concentration

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8
Q

Which of the following statements is TRUE?
Each terminal bronchiole delivers air to a cluster of pulmonary lobules
The left lung has six lobes
Alveolar gas exchange occurs across a knot of capillaries called the glomerulus
An extensive network of capillaries surrounds each alveolar sac
The walls of the alveolar sacs are non-elastic

A

An extensive network of capillaries surrounds each alveolar sac

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9
Q

The partial pressure of oxygen would be highest in the…

A

pulmonary veins

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10
Q

How would the body compensate for an increase in carbon dioxide in the blood?

A

increase respiration rate

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11
Q

What gas is a waste product of respiration?

methane
carbon dioxide
oxygen

A

carbon dioxide

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12
Q

How is waste carbon dioxide expelled from the body?

through inspiration
by peristalsis
through expiration

A

through expiration

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13
Q

Which substance is another by-product of cellular respiration?

water
oxygen
glucose

A

water

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14
Q

Which substance is another by-product of cellular respiration?

water
oxygen
glucose

A

water

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15
Q

What is the correct branching order into the lungs?

bronchioles, trachea, bronchi
trachea, bronchi, bronchioles
trachea, bronchioles, bronchi

A

trachea, bronchi, bronchioles

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16
Q

What is the correct branching order into the lungs?

bronchioles, trachea, bronchi
trachea, bronchi, bronchioles
trachea, bronchioles, bronchi

A

trachea, bronchi, bronchioles

17
Q

What are cilia?

hair-like projections on cell surfaces
hairs that grow on cells
pseudopodia

A

hair-like projections on cell surfaces

18
Q

What substance builds up in muscle during anaerobic exercise?

Lactic acid
carbon dioxide
oxygen

A

Lactic acid

19
Q

What substance builds up in muscle during anaerobic exercise?

Lactic acid
carbon dioxide
oxygen

A

Lactic acid

20
Q

Which of these is a substrate for cellular respiration?

water
glucose
carbon dioxide

A

glucose

21
Q

Which of these is a substrate for cellular respiration?

water
glucose
carbon dioxide

A

glucose

22
Q

What is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere?

oxygen
nitrogen
carbon dioxide

A

nitrogen

23
Q

What are the muscles between the ribs called?

the intercostal muscles
the scalene muscles
the diaphragm

A

the intercostal muscles

24
Q

Why is the alveolar surface moist?

to increase the surface area of the lungs
to aid the diffusion of gases in the alveoli
to aid blood flow in the alveoli

A

to aid the diffusion of gases in the alveoli

25
Q

Why is the alveolar surface moist?

to increase the surface area of the lungs
to aid the diffusion of gases in the alveoli
to aid blood flow in the alveoli

A

to aid the diffusion of gases in the alveoli

26
Q

Which of these are accessory respiratory muscles?

the external intercostal muscles
the diaphragm
the quadriceps

A

the external intercostal muscles

27
Q

Contraction of the diaphragm causes which action to take place?

peristalsis
inspiration
expiration

A

inspiration

28
Q

Contraction of the diaphragm causes which action to take place?

peristalsis
inspiration
expiration

A

inspiration

29
Q

The scalene muscles are accessory muscles to which action?

inspiration
expiration
vomiting

A

inspiration

30
Q

Which structures ensures that the trachea is kept open?

smooth muscles
the respiratory epithelium
cartilaginous rings

A

cartilaginous rings

31
Q

What is the function of the cilia in the trachea?

to waft foreign particles up the windpipe
to move mucus down into the lungs
to ensure continuous blood flow to the lungs

A

to waft foreign particles up the windpipe

32
Q

What function does the mucus in the trachea serve?

to aid diffusion of gases in the lung
to increase blood flow to the alveoli
to trap foreign particles

A

to trap foreign particles

33
Q

Why is the trachea made of incomplete rings of cartilage?

to allow food to move down the oesophagus
to allow food to move down the trachea
to prevent food going down the trachea

A

to allow food to move down the oesophagus

34
Q

What is the function of the epiglottis?

to allow food down the trachea
to prevent food going down the trachea
to stop food being regurgitated

A

to prevent food going down the trachea

35
Q

Which of these are accessory muscles to inspiration?

the diaphragm
the triceps
the sternocleidomastoids

A

the sternocleidomastoids

35
Q

Which of these are accessory muscles to inspiration?

the diaphragm
the triceps
the sternocleidomastoids

A

the sternocleidomastoids

36
Q

What does the pressure in the lungs do during expiration?

it stays the same
it increases
it decreases

A

it increases

36
Q

What does the pressure in the lungs do during expiration?

it stays the same
it increases
it decreases

A

it increases

biology (13 decks)

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