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endocrine system Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

hormones affect only specific…

A

target cells

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2
Q

chemically, hormones are either…

A

lipid soluble or water soluble

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3
Q

what is the pituitary glands ‘master’

A

hypothalamus

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4
Q

the thyroid gland is butterfly-shaped and is located just below the…

A

larynx (voice box)

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5
Q

the pancreas has both endocrine and exocrine functions. true or false

A

true

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6
Q

glucagon increases…

A

blood glucose levels

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7
Q

Thyroid stimulating hormone is secreted by which gland?
the pituitary gland
the hypothalamus
the pancreas

A

the pituitary gland

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8
Q

Where is testosterone produced?
the thyroid gland
the testes
the ovaries

A

the testes

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9
Q

Which gland in the brain secretes antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?
the hypothalamus
the parathyroid gland
the pituitary gland

A

the pituitary gland

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10
Q

Which gland in the brain secretes antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?
the hypothalamus
the parathyroid gland
the pituitary gland

A

the pituitary gland

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11
Q

How do hormones in the endocrine system move around the body?
via the circulatory system
through ducts at target sites
via the nervous system

A

via the circulatory system

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12
Q

Where are the adrenal glands located?
on top of the kidneys
underneath the kidneys
next to the pancreas

A

on top of the kidneys

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13
Q

Adrenaline is secreted from …
the salivary glands
the adrenal glands
the parathyroid glands

A

the adrenal glands

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14
Q

Which of these is NOT an endocrine function of the pancreas?
the secretion of glucagon
the secretion of insulin
the secretion of pancreatic amylase

A

the secretion of pancreatic amylase

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15
Q

What type of hormone is testosterone?
a steroid hormone
a protein hormone
a neurotransmitter

A

a steroid hormone

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16
Q

The beta cells in the pancreas secrete which hormone?
antidiuretic hormone
insulin
glucagon

A

insulin

17
Q

Where is the pituitary gland located?
in the gonads
in the brain
in the throat

A

in the brain

18
Q

Which reflex is adrenaline most often associated with?
the patellar reflex
the gag reflex
the fight or flight reflex

A

the fight or flight reflex

19
Q

What is the name given to absolute insulin deficiency?
type 1 diabetes mellitus
type 2 diabetes mellitus
hyperthyroidism

A

type 1 diabetes mellitus

20
Q

Antidiuretic hormone is secreted in response to …
decreased blood glucose levels
reduced plasma volume (dehydration)
increased plasma volume (over hydration)

A

reduced plasma volume (dehydration)

21
Q

Which hormone increases blood glucose levels?
insulin
antidiuretic hormone
glucagon

A

glucagon

22
Q

Where are the parathyroid glands located?

in front of the thyroid gland
in the brain
behind the thyroid gland

A

behind the thyroid gland

23
Q

What is one of the main roles of thyroxin?

to increase the basal metabolic rate
to decrease the basal metabolic rate
to increase glucose uptake by skeletal muscle cells

A

to increase the basal metabolic rate

24
Q

Which one of these in NOT a function of oestrogen?

increasing metabolism
the stimulation of endometrial growth
decreasing metabolism

A

decreasing metabolism

25
Q

Which area of the brain synthesizes antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

the hypothalamus
the pituitary gland
the frontal lobe

A

the hypothalamus

26
Q

Which area of the brain synthesizes antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

the hypothalamus
the pituitary gland
the frontal lobe

A

the hypothalamus

27
Q

What kind of hormone is oestrogen?

a monoamine
a steroid hormone
a neurotransmitter

A

a steroid hormone

28
Q

What is the main function of cortisol?

to decrease the blood glucose levels
to increase water reabsorption
to increase the blood glucose levels

A

to increase the blood glucose levels

29
Q

Which of these is NOT an indicator of an overactive thyroid?

weight gain
weight loss
muscle weakness

A

weight gain

30
Q

What effect does insulin have on blood sugar levels?

increases the synthesis of glucose
increases absorption into skeletal muscle cells
decreases absorption into skeletal muscle cells

A

increases absorption into skeletal muscle cells

31
Q

What substance is used to make steroid hormones?

glucose
amylase
cholesterol

A

cholesterol

32
Q

Glucagon is secreted by which type of cell?

alpha cells of Islets of Langerhans
beta cells of Islets of Langerhans
Kupffer cells

A

alpha cells of Islets of Langerhans

33
Q

Which of these hormones is released in response to stress?

oestrogen
cortisol
insulin

A

cortisol

34
Q

Which of these increases the metabolic rate?

haemoglobin
oxytocin
thyroxin

A

thyroxin

35
Q

Which kind of hormone crosses the target cell membrane?

a steroid hormone
a protein hormone
monoamines

A

a steroid hormone

36
Q

What is the main function of parathyroid hormone?

the regulation of blood glucose levels
the regulation of calcium and phosphate levels
the regulation of zinc and copper levels

A

the regulation of calcium and phosphate levels

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