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biology > digestive system > Flashcards

digestive system Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

when food is swallowed it passes through the…

A

pharynx/throat

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2
Q

what is the pharynx?

A

a tube made up of skeletal muscle and lined by mucous membrane

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3
Q

the oesophagus is a muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the…

A

stomach

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4
Q

what type of muscle does the upper oesophageal sphincter consist of?

A

skeletal muscle

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5
Q

what type of muscle does the lower oesophageal sphincter consist of?

A

smooth muscle

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6
Q

the stomach connects the oesophagus to the…
pylorus
duodenum
pyloric sphincter
cardia

A

duodenum

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7
Q

mechanical digestion consists of…

A

mixing waves that smoothen food

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8
Q

what is the main event of chemical digestion in the stomach?

A

protein digestion

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9
Q

what is the stomach wall impermeable too?

A

most substances

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10
Q

within 2-4 hours after eating a meal, the stomach empties its contents into the…

A

small intestine

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11
Q

what percentage of all absorption takes place in the small intestine

A

90%

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12
Q

Monosaccharides, amino acids and short-chain fatty acids pass into the…

A

blood capillaries

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13
Q

what does the pancreas lie behind?

A

the stomach

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14
Q

the pancreas is made up of small clusters of glandular epithelial cells called…
islets
trypsin
acini
sinusoids

A

acini

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15
Q

what do hepatocytes produce?

A

bile

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16
Q

biles contribution to digestion is the…

A

mixing of dietary lipids

17
Q

the large intestine extends from the ileoceal sphincter to the…
cecum
colon
anus
sigmoid

A

anus

18
Q

the mucosa contains numerous absorptive cells that absorb…

A

water

19
Q

Saliva contains the enzyme amylase, which breaks down which compound?

starch
protein
amylase

A

starch

20
Q

The gallbladder releases which substance?

saliva
bile
chyme

A

bile

20
Q

The gallbladder releases which substance?

saliva
bile
chyme

A

bile

21
Q

What is the name of the muscular process for moving food down the oesophagus?

peristalsis
mass movements
mastication

A

peristalsis

22
Q

Where does the absorption of water occur?

in the pancreas
in the large intestine
in the stomach

A

in the large intestine

23
Q

Which one of the following is NOT a function of bile?

neutralisation of gastric juice
emulsification of fats
protein breakdown

A

protein breakdown

24
Q

Proteins are degraded by which enzyme?

pepsin
pepsinogen
lipase

A

pepsin

25
Q

Where in the gastrointestinal tract does pancreatic juice drain into?

the large intestine
the small intestine
the stomach

A

the small intestine

26
Q

Which of the following is NOT a product of fat digestion?

peptides
fatty acids
glycerol

A

peptides

27
Q

Where does protein degradation take place?

the large intestine
the mouth
the stomach

A

the stomach

28
Q

The blood capillaries in villi absorb which nutrients?

simple sugars and amino acids
fatty acids
cellulose

A

simple sugars and amino acids

29
Q

The duodenum is a part of which of the following?

the small intestine
the large intestine
the stomach

A

the small intestine

30
Q

Name the contractions that push food through the oesophagus?

mass movement
peristalsis
mastication

A

peristalsis

31
Q

Name the contractions that push food through the oesophagus?

mass movement
peristalsis
mastication

A

peristalsis

32
Q

What role does the pancreas play in the digestive system?

the reabsorption of nutrients
the production of digestive enzymes
the production of bile

A

the production of digestive enzymes

33
Q

Which of these is an accessory organ to digestion?

the stomach
the small intestine
the gallbladder

A

the gallbladder

34
Q

Which of these is an accessory organ to digestion?

the stomach
the small intestine
the gallbladder

A

the gallbladder

35
Q

The glands that produce amylase are in …

the stomach
the mouth
the liver

A

the mouth

36
Q

The glands that produce amylase are in …

the stomach
the mouth
the liver

A

the mouth

biology (13 decks)

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