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microbiology Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what terms best describes the relationship of one organism living in close association with another, such that one organism benefits without harming the other?

A

commensal

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2
Q

Rod shaped bacteria are called…

A

Bacillus

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3
Q

what are paired cocci bacteria are known as?

staphylococcus
polycoccus
diplococcus
streptococcus
spirochaete

A

diplococcus

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4
Q

Which of the following microorganisms can only replicate inside a living cell?

Spirochetes
Viruses
Fungi
Amoeba
Bacteria

A

virus

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5
Q

what are flagella are used by a bacteria for?

A

mobility

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6
Q

Anaerobic organisms can grow in the absence of…

A

oxygen

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7
Q

Which of the following intracellular structures is part of the cytoskeleton of a human cell?

Flagella
Mitochondria
Microtubules
Golgi complex
Cell wall

A

microtubules

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8
Q

A spirochete is shaped like a…

A

spiral

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9
Q

what organelles determines a bacterial Gram stain?

A

cell wall

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10
Q

The Gram stain differentiates between bacteria based on the composition of their…

A

cell wall

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11
Q

The plasma membrane provides the outer boundary of …

the nucleus
the mitochondria
the cell

A

the cell

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12
Q

The cell membrane is made (mostly) from a double layer of …

protolipids
phospholipids
hydrolipids

A

phospholipids

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13
Q

The cytoplasm includes the organelles and …

the cytosol
the phospholipid bilayer
the nucleus

A

the cytosol

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14
Q

What separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm of the cell?

the cytosol
the nucleolus
the nuclear envelope

A

the nuclear envelope

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14
Q

What separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm of the cell?

the cytosol
the nucleolus
the nuclear envelope

A

the nuclear envelope

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15
Q

Which of the following is found inside the nucleus?

the nucleolus
the golgi apparatus
lysosomes

A

the nucleolus

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16
Q

Which organelle digests other, worn-out organelles, as well as food particles and engulfed viruses and bacteria?

the lysosomes
the mitochondria
the vacuoles

A

the lysosomes

16
Q

Which organelle digests other, worn-out organelles, as well as food particles and engulfed viruses and bacteria?

the lysosomes
the mitochondria
the vacuoles

A

the lysosomes

17
Q

Where are the cell’s chromosomes stored?

in the endoplasmic reticulum
in the nucleus
in the vacuoles

A

in the nucleus

17
Q

Where are the cell’s chromosomes stored?

in the endoplasmic reticulum
in the nucleus
in the vacuoles

A

in the nucleus

18
Q

Which organelle is particularly important for the synthesis, folding, modification, and transport of proteins within the cell?

the endoplasmic reticulum
the mitochondria
the nucleus

A

the endoplasmic reticulum

19
Q

Which of the following has ribosomes attached to its surface?

smooth endoplasmic reticulum
the Golgi apparatus
rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

rough endoplasmic reticulum

20
Q

After transporting and modifying proteins and lipids, the Golgi apparatus packages them into …

vesicles
vaculoles
lysosomes

A

vesicles

20
Q

After transporting and modifying proteins and lipids, the Golgi apparatus packages them into …

vesicles
vaculoles
lysosomes

A

vesicles

21
Q

Which organelle acts as an assembly line where proteins are synthesised from RNA?

lysosomes
the Golgi apparatus
ribosomes

A

ribosomes

22
Q

Which organelle generates energy for the cell?

the ribosomes
the mitochondria
the endoplasmic reticulum

A

the mitochondria

22
Q

Which organelle generates energy for the cell?

the ribosomes
the mitochondria
the endoplasmic reticulum

A

the mitochondria

23
Q

Which of the following organelles could be described as ‘a compartment filled with water containing inorganic and organic molecules’?

a vaculole
a ribosome
a lysosome

A

a vaculole

23
Q

Which of the following organelles could be described as ‘a compartment filled with water containing inorganic and organic molecules’?

a vaculole
a ribosome
a lysosome

A

a vaculole

24
Q

The network of interlinking filaments and tubules that providing a cell with shape and stability is referred to as the …

cytoskeleton
cytoscaffold
cytostructure

A

cytoskeleton

25
Q

What is the name for the process whereby the membrane of a vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane, allowing it’s contents to be released from the cell?

exocytosis
endocytosis
diffusion

A

exocytosis

25
Q

What is the name for the process whereby the membrane of a vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane, allowing it’s contents to be released from the cell?

exocytosis
endocytosis
diffusion

A

exocytosis

26
Q

The outer layer of the cytoplasm is called …

the protoplasm
the ectoplasm
the endoplasm

A

the ectoplasm

27
Q

The outer layer of the cytoplasm is called …

the protoplasm
the ectoplasm
the endoplasm

A

the ectoplasm

28
Q

The main microtubule organizing center of the cell is …

the lysosome
the endoplasmic reticulum
the centrosome

A

the centrosome

29
Q

The main microtubule organizing center of the cell is …

the lysosome
the endoplasmic reticulum
the centrosome

A

the centrosome

30
Q

The site of ribosome synthesis and assembly within the cell is …

the nucleolus
the endoplasmic reticulum
the Golgi apparatus

A

the nucleolus

31
Q

Processing and packaging macromolecules, such as proteins and lipids, is the primary function of which of the following organelles?

the endoplasmic reticulum
the mitochondria
the Golgi apparatus

A

the Golgi apparatus

32
Q

Which of the following is involved in the production and folding of proteins?

the Golgi apparatus
rough endoplasmic reticulum
smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

rough endoplasmic reticulum

33
Q

Which type of organelle is used within the cell to ingest extracellular fluid and and molecules?

lysosomes
microtubules
pinocytotic vesicles

A

pinocytotic vesicles

biology (13 decks)

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