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Anatomy & Physioligy > Respiratory System🫁 > Flashcards

Respiratory System🫁 Flashcards

1
Q

What is pulmonary ventilation

A

Breathing: inflow & outflow

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2
Q

External respiration

A

Gas exchange in blood and lungs

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3
Q

Internal respiration

A

Gas exchange between blood and cells

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4
Q

Upper respiratiory system consists of what 2 things

A

Pharynx
Nose

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5
Q

Lower respiratory system consists of what? Hint: 4 things

A

Larynx
Trachea
Bronchial tree
Lungs 🫁

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6
Q

Respiratory bronchioles is part of which?
- Conductive portion ?
- Respiratory portion ?

A

Respiratory portion

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7
Q

Lung tissues is a part of which ?
- Conductive portion
Or
- Respiratory portion

A

Respiratory portion

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8
Q

Nose is part of which?
- respiratory or conductive portion

A

Conductive portion

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9
Q

Alveolar ducts are a part of which?

respiratory or conductive portion

A

Respiratory portion

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10
Q

Terminal bronchioles?
Respiratory or conductive portion

A

Conductive portion

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11
Q

Trachea

respiratory or conductive portion

A

Conductive portion

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12
Q

Alveoli sacs

respiratory or conductive portion

A

Respiratory portion.

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13
Q

The function of nasal conchae?
There’s 2 functions

A

Increase surface area & prevents dehydration by trapping water droplets during expiration!!

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14
Q

What does the nasal cavilties divide into?

A

Superior, middle and inferior meatuses.

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15
Q

What’ are the projections called in the nasal cavity?

A

Superior, middle and inferior nasal conchae

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16
Q

Where are the olfactory receptors situated?

A

Mucous membrane in superior conchae .

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17
Q

Name the 4 types of paranasal cavities!

A
  • Frontal
  • Sphenoidal
  • Maxillary
  • Ethmoidal
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18
Q

True vocal cords. What is the term used to describe them?
Hint: similar to Epi______

A

Glottis

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19
Q

What is The false vocal cords function?

A
  • Create counter pressure when lifting loads.
  • Holding the breath against pressure in the thoracic cavity.
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20
Q

What is the larynx covered by ?

A

Mucus & Cillia

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21
Q

I hat died the inner layer of the trachea contain?

A

Cilia to move particles away.

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22
Q

Function of the mucous membrane in the larynx and trachea?

A

Warms and moistens

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23
Q

What happens to the trachea in chest trauma/injury

A

Collapsing of C rings

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24
Q

Blockage above larynx undergo a operation called a …

A

Tracheoectomy

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25
Q

What shape are the lungs ?

A

Cone-shaped

26
Q

What are the lungs covered by

A

2 layers of pleura
Parietal & visceral layers

27
Q

What separates the lungss?

A

Mediastinum

28
Q

What enters through the Helium to the lungs?

A

Bronchi
Vessels
Nerves

29
Q

What disease happens at the Apex of the 🫁 . Just above the clavicle?

A

Tuberculosis

30
Q

What’s it called at the apex ?

A

Apical TB

31
Q

What’s it called when TB spreads throughout the lungs ?

A

Milliary TB.

32
Q

What exposes he lungs exactly underneath the sternum

A

Cardiac knotch

33
Q

What lies in the helium what goes in through to the lungs.
Hint: Nodes

A

Bronchus
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary vein
Lymph nodes

34
Q

What is the basic unit unit of gas exchange?

A

Alveolis

35
Q

What do alveolar cells produce ?

A

Surfactant

36
Q

From the nasal passage name everything orderly up until the alveoli.

A

Nasal cavity > pharynx > Larynx > primary bronchus > secondary bronchus > bronchiole > terminal bronchiole > respiratory bronchiole > alveolar duct > Alveoli

37
Q

Where does the heart sit?
Hint: it’s not the mediastinum 😜

A

Cardiac knotch

38
Q

What two circulations does the lungs receive from the blood?

A

Systemic and pulmonary circulation

39
Q

How do the lungs get their oxygenated blood from which artery ??
Hint: use lung related words

A

Bronchial arteries

40
Q

Which veins carry the deoxygenated blood from the lungs to the ❤️?
Hint: Use lung related words

A

Bronchial veins

41
Q

What are the lobules supplied by?

A

Bronchioles

42
Q

What is pneumothorax ?

A

Air building-up in lung area

43
Q

What is a Heamothorax

A

Build-up of 🩸 in lungs

44
Q

what type of muscle is the diaphragm ?

A

Skeletal muscle

45
Q

Which scientist said: Air can go from high to lower pressure.

A

Dalton

46
Q

Is it a passive process when expiration occurs?
Why is this

A

Yes it’s passive
Why? Because there is no involvement of muscle contraction

47
Q

Blowing / forceful breathing is passive or active process and why?

A

Active process
Why? Because there are muscles being contracted.

48
Q

What is Tidal volume ?

A

Volume of aid which enters the body in each breath !

49
Q

What is minute volume

A

Volume of air that is inhaled each minute

50
Q

In a healthy adult how many breaths do they do in 1 minute

A

12-15 per/min

51
Q

How many mls is inhaled per breath

A

500mls

52
Q

How many is 500mls in litres

A

6-8L/min

53
Q

What is the partial pressure of gases at sea level ?

A

760 mmHG

54
Q

What does CPAP stand for

A

Continuos possitive airway pressure

55
Q

Why is surfactant so important ?

A

Prevents complete collapse of the lungs

56
Q

What is surface tension?
Explain the bubble theory

A

Surface tension is the water on the outside of the bubble trying to burst the bubble.
Surfactant anatomically prevents the collapse of the alveoli

57
Q

What happens with near drowning patients. And the surfactant??

A

Surfactant is washed out and causes the collapse of lungs 🫁

58
Q

What’s secretes surfactant ?

A

Alveolar cells

59
Q

Why can’t we expire completely ??

A

Because surfactant prevents the full collapsing of alveoli

60
Q

What causes hypercarbia

A

Metabolic disorders like hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism

61
Q

What causes acute respiratory distress syndrome

A

Surfactant not being present

62
Q

I

A

Anatomy & Physioligy (15 decks)

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