Respiratory System🫁 Flashcards
What is pulmonary ventilation
Breathing: inflow & outflow
External respiration
Gas exchange in blood and lungs
Internal respiration
Gas exchange between blood and cells
Upper respiratiory system consists of what 2 things
Pharynx
Nose
Lower respiratory system consists of what? Hint: 4 things
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchial tree
Lungs 🫁
Respiratory bronchioles is part of which?
- Conductive portion ?
- Respiratory portion ?
Respiratory portion
Lung tissues is a part of which ?
- Conductive portion
Or
- Respiratory portion
Respiratory portion
Nose is part of which?
- respiratory or conductive portion
Conductive portion
Alveolar ducts are a part of which?
respiratory or conductive portion
Respiratory portion
Terminal bronchioles?
Respiratory or conductive portion
Conductive portion
Trachea
respiratory or conductive portion
Conductive portion
Alveoli sacs
respiratory or conductive portion
Respiratory portion.
The function of nasal conchae?
There’s 2 functions
Increase surface area & prevents dehydration by trapping water droplets during expiration!!
What does the nasal cavilties divide into?
Superior, middle and inferior meatuses.
What’ are the projections called in the nasal cavity?
Superior, middle and inferior nasal conchae
Where are the olfactory receptors situated?
Mucous membrane in superior conchae .
Name the 4 types of paranasal cavities!
- Frontal
- Sphenoidal
- Maxillary
- Ethmoidal
True vocal cords. What is the term used to describe them?
Hint: similar to Epi______
Glottis
What is The false vocal cords function?
- Create counter pressure when lifting loads.
- Holding the breath against pressure in the thoracic cavity.
What is the larynx covered by ?
Mucus & Cillia
I hat died the inner layer of the trachea contain?
Cilia to move particles away.
Function of the mucous membrane in the larynx and trachea?
Warms and moistens
What happens to the trachea in chest trauma/injury
Collapsing of C rings
Blockage above larynx undergo a operation called a …
Tracheoectomy
What shape are the lungs ?
Cone-shaped
What are the lungs covered by
2 layers of pleura
Parietal & visceral layers
What separates the lungss?
Mediastinum
What enters through the Helium to the lungs?
Bronchi
Vessels
Nerves
What disease happens at the Apex of the 🫁 . Just above the clavicle?
Tuberculosis
What’s it called at the apex ?
Apical TB
What’s it called when TB spreads throughout the lungs ?
Milliary TB.
What exposes he lungs exactly underneath the sternum
Cardiac knotch
What lies in the helium what goes in through to the lungs.
Hint: Nodes
Bronchus
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary vein
Lymph nodes
What is the basic unit unit of gas exchange?
Alveolis
What do alveolar cells produce ?
Surfactant
From the nasal passage name everything orderly up until the alveoli.
Nasal cavity > pharynx > Larynx > primary bronchus > secondary bronchus > bronchiole > terminal bronchiole > respiratory bronchiole > alveolar duct > Alveoli
Where does the heart sit?
Hint: it’s not the mediastinum 😜
Cardiac knotch
What two circulations does the lungs receive from the blood?
Systemic and pulmonary circulation
How do the lungs get their oxygenated blood from which artery ??
Hint: use lung related words
Bronchial arteries
Which veins carry the deoxygenated blood from the lungs to the ❤️?
Hint: Use lung related words
Bronchial veins
What are the lobules supplied by?
Bronchioles
What is pneumothorax ?
Air building-up in lung area
What is a Heamothorax
Build-up of 🩸 in lungs
what type of muscle is the diaphragm ?
Skeletal muscle
Which scientist said: Air can go from high to lower pressure.
Dalton
Is it a passive process when expiration occurs?
Why is this
Yes it’s passive
Why? Because there is no involvement of muscle contraction
Blowing / forceful breathing is passive or active process and why?
Active process
Why? Because there are muscles being contracted.
What is Tidal volume ?
Volume of aid which enters the body in each breath !
What is minute volume
Volume of air that is inhaled each minute
In a healthy adult how many breaths do they do in 1 minute
12-15 per/min
How many mls is inhaled per breath
500mls
How many is 500mls in litres
6-8L/min
What is the partial pressure of gases at sea level ?
760 mmHG
What does CPAP stand for
Continuos possitive airway pressure
Why is surfactant so important ?
Prevents complete collapse of the lungs
What is surface tension?
Explain the bubble theory
Surface tension is the water on the outside of the bubble trying to burst the bubble.
Surfactant anatomically prevents the collapse of the alveoli
What happens with near drowning patients. And the surfactant??
Surfactant is washed out and causes the collapse of lungs 🫁
What’s secretes surfactant ?
Alveolar cells
Why can’t we expire completely ??
Because surfactant prevents the full collapsing of alveoli
What causes hypercarbia
Metabolic disorders like hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism
What causes acute respiratory distress syndrome
Surfactant not being present
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