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Anatomy & Physioligy > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of cells are endocrine cells made of?

A

Glandular secretory cells

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2
Q

What kind of cells secrete the hormones into the blood?

A

Secretory cells

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3
Q

What are endocrine glands

1) have ducts
2) Dont have ducts

& why

A

Don’t have ducts

As they secrete straight to the blood stream.

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4
Q

What nervous system maintains homestasis partly?

1) CNS
2) SNS
3) ANS

And does the answer speed things up or slow things dowm

A

ANS

Speed things up

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5
Q

What system partly maintains homeostasis

Digestive system
Cardiac system
Endocrine system
Lymphatic system

And does the answer speed things up or slow things dowm?

A

Endocrine system

Slow things down

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6
Q

What two categories are hormones classes into?

A

Water soluble
Lipid soluble

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7
Q

Which element does water soluble hormones include??

Peptide?
Steroid ?
Thyroid hormones ?

A

Peptide

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8
Q

Which hormone includes steroids and thyroid hormones

A

Lipid soluble hormones

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9
Q

Where are the receptors of the water soluble hormones situated?

A

Cell membrane

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10
Q

Receptors for the lipid soluble hormones are situated??

A

Inside the cells

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11
Q
  1. Which of these is true of the endocrine system?

A. secretes hormones that are transported to target cells by blood
B. causes changes in metabolic activities
C. effects are prolonged
D. All of above are true.

A

D

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12
Q

Name the gland that is located at the base of the throat, just inferior to the laryngeal prominence (Adam’s apple).

A. Pituitary.
B. Pineal gland.
C. Hypothalamus.
D. Thyroid.

A

Thyroid

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13
Q

What gland is located just superior to the kidneys?

A. Pituitary.
B. Adrenal.
C. Pancreas.
D. ovaries

A

B) Adrenal

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14
Q

In the pancreas, which are the cells that secrete insulin, decrease the blood levels of glucose.

A. delta.
B. alpha.
C. beta.

A

Beta

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15
Q

The endocrine gland responsible for the body’s circadian rhythm is the:

A. Thymus gland.
B. Pineal gland.
C. Parathyroid gland.
D. Pituitary gland.

A

B) pineals gland

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16
Q

Endocrine glands differ from exocrine glands in that:

A. Endocrine glands are ductless and exocrine glands release secretions at the body’s surface or into ducts.

B. Endocrine glands release hormones, whereas exocrine glands release waste.

C. Endocrine glands are formed by epithelial tissue, but exocrine glands are primarily connective tissue.

D. Endocrine glands are all interconnected; whereas exocrine glands act completely independently.

A

A. Endocrine glands are ductless and exocrine glands release secretions at the body’s surface or into ducts.

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17
Q

Which of these is not an endocrine property?

A. hormones reach targets through the blood

B. effects are slow and cyclic

C. rapid acting effects

D. effects caused by chemicals.

A

C. rapid acting effects

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18
Q

The primary target of the releasing and inhibiting hormones of the hypothalamus is the:

A. Liver and adipose tissue
B. Gonads
C. Anterior pituitary
D. Bone marrow

A

C. Anterior pituitary

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19
Q

Which of these is not an endocrine gland?
A. Pancreas.
B. Testes.
C. Salivary gland.
D. Parathyroid.

A

C: Salivary gland.

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20
Q

Which is not a function of the hypothalamus?

A. Affect heart rate
B. Control temperature
C. Affect water balance
D. Secrete FSH

A

C. Affect water balance

21
Q

Which if the following gland which can be classified as an endocrine and an exocrine gland?

A. Thyroid.
B. Thymus.
C. Pancreas.
D. Pituitary.

A

C: Pancreas

22
Q

Which of these hormones is made by the posterior pituitary?

A. FSH
B. LH
C. ACTH
D. ADH

A

ADH - anti-diuretic Hormonee

23
Q

What’ does ADH do in the body?

Regulate the amount of water in your body

Increase heart rates

Lowers blood pressure

A

Regulate the amount of water in your body

24
Q

What happens to the cells when when there’s plasma osmolarity ?

A

Cell shrinkage ( water moves out )

25
Q

What is the name of specialized cells/ receptors that are effected by increased osmolarity, in the hypothalamus ???

Clues in the questions wording

A

Osmorecptores

26
Q

Which gland controls basal metabolic rate (BMR)?

A. Thyroid.
B. Parathyroid.
C. Testes.
D. Pancreas.

A

Thyroid

27
Q

How do hormones from the thyroid and parathyroid regulate the calcium concentration of the blood?

A. Calcitonin lowers blood calcium; parathyroid hormone raises blood calcium.

B. Parathyroid hormone lowers blood calcium; calcitonin raises blood calcium.

C. Thyroxine and triiodothyronine together regulate calcium levels, as needs dictate.

D. Both parathroid hormone and the three thyroid hormones function to regulate blood calcium levels.

A

A. Calcitonin lowers blood calcium; parathyroid hormone raises blood calcium.

28
Q

The posterior pituitary stores and releases:
A. Growth hormone and prolactin.
B. Prolactin and oxytocin.
C. Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
D. ADH and growth hormone.

A

C. Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

29
Q

Which of the following hormones are responsible for the “fight-or-flight” response?

A. Epinephrine and norepinephrine.
B. Insulin and glucagon.
C. Esrtogen and progesterone.
D. Thyroxin and melatonin.

A

A. Epinephrine and norepinephrine.

30
Q

The pituitary hormone that stimulates the male testes to produce sperm and stimulates the development of the follicle in the female on a monthly cycle is:
A. growth hormone
B. luteinizing hormone
C. prolactin
D. follicle-stimulating hormone

A

D. follicle-stimulating hormone

31
Q

Which hormones of the adrenal glands supplement the sex hormones from the gonads?

A. Mineralocorticoids, such as aldosterone

B. Glucocorticoids, such as cortisol

C. Gnadocorticoids, such as the androgens

D. Epinephrine and norepinephrine.

A

C. Gnadocorticoids, such as the androgens

32
Q

The clusters of cells in the pancreas that produce hormones are the:

A. Nodules.
B. Islets of Langerhans.
C. Pancreatic medulla.
D. Pancreatic cortex.

A

B. Islets of Langerhans.

33
Q

The Glucagon is:
A. accelerates the conversion of glycogen into glucose.
B. slows down glucose formation from lactic acid.
C. decreases the conversion of glycogen into glucose.
D. speeds up protein synthesis within cells.

A

A. accelerates the conversion of glycogen into glucose.

34
Q

Most hormones of the endocrine system are regulated by a:
A. Negative feedback mechanism.
B. Positive feedback mechanism.
C. Hormone-receptor complex.
D. Hormone-gene complex.

A

A. Negative feedback mechanism.

35
Q

Calcitonin is a hormone of which of following:

A. Adrenal cortex.
B. Thyroid gland.
C. Pituitary gland.
D. Thymus gland.
E. None of the above

A

A. Adrenal cortex.

36
Q

Calcium level in the blood is regulated by the:
A. Thyroid.
B. Parathyroid.
C. Posterior pituitary.
D. Adrenal medulla.
E. A and B.

A

E. A and B

37
Q

All of the following are hormones of the anterior pituitary except:
A. Human growth hormone (GH).
B. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).
C. Parathyroid hormone(PTH).
D. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).

A

C. Parathyroid hormone(PTH).

38
Q

The secretions from which of these glands differs between males and females?
A. Adrenal.
B. Parathyroid.
C. Gonadal.
D. Pancreas.

A

C. Gonadal.

39
Q

Which one is a feature of endocrine cells

1) Ductless that secrete hormones into epithelial surfaces

2) ductless cells that secrete hormones into blood

3) response is less precise that the ANS response

4) response is faster than ANS response.

A

2) ductless cells that secrete hormones into blood

40
Q

Which if the following contain endocrine tissue but is NOT a ENDOCRINE GLAND

1) Thyroid
2) Ovary
3) Parathyroid
4) Adrenal

A

Ovary

41
Q

The putuitary gland releases many hormones: however the ___________ directs the release of the pituitary hormones.

1) Epithalamus
2) Pineal gland
3) Thalamus
4) Hypothalamus

A

4) Hypothalamus

42
Q

Prolactin affects:

1) Adrenal cortex
2) Skin color
3) Milk secretion
4) Body growth

A

3) Milk secretion

43
Q

T4 is known as:

1) Triiodothyronine
2) Thyroglobulin
3) Thyroxine
4) Thyroid stimulating hormone

A

3) Tvhyroxine

44
Q

Parathyroid hormone?

1) Has the opposite effect of calcitonin
2) Lowers blood Ca levels
3) Increases calcium storage in bones
4) Is secreted by the isthmus of the thyroid gland

A

1) Has the opposite effect of calcitonin

45
Q

Which is Correct about he adrenal glands

1) Aldosterone is secreted from the adrenal medulla

2) Adrenaline is secreted from the adrenal medulla

3) They’re round ball in shape

4) Cortisol is secreted from the adrenal medulla

A

2) Adrenaline is secreted from the adrenal medulla

46
Q

Secretion of which if the following is controlled mainly by the renin-angiotensin mechanism and blood potassium concentration?

1) Aldosterone
2) adrenal oestrogens
3) cortisol
4) adrenaline (norepinephrine)

A

1) Aldosterone

47
Q

Which one of the following is false about the pancreas

1) pancreatic cells are arranged in clusters called acini, which are the endocrine portion

2) Alpha or A cells secrete glucagon

3) Beta cells or B cells secrete insulin

4) delta cells or D cells secret somatostatin

A

1) pancreatic cells are arranged in clusters called acini, which are the endocrine portion

48
Q

The Main hormone of the pineal gland is:

1) Melanin
2) Melatonin
3) Myosin
4) Actin

A

2) Melatonin

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