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A&P 2 > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Cellular Respiration is how

A

cells breakdown glucose to make ATP

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2
Q

How do cells die? If cells die, do we stay alive?

A

Cells loose energy, resulting death. Cerebral cortex cells typicall die first

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3
Q

Comes from lungs, diffuses into blood

A

Oxygen

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4
Q

Diffuses from blood and comes out of lungs

A

Carbon Dioxide

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5
Q

Amount of gas produced by intestines daily

A

500 mL

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6
Q

Principal respiratory organs include

A

nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs

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7
Q

Respiratory system is a system of tubes that

A

send air to air lungs

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8
Q

Respiratory functions include

A

gas exchange, communication, olfaction, acid base balance, BP regulation, Blood and lymph flow, blood filtration, expulsion of abdominal contacts

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9
Q

Alveoli are specialized micro air sacs

A

where gas exchange occurs in lung

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10
Q

conducting division of respiratory system is

A

only for airflow

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11
Q

No gas exchange takes place in

A

conducting division

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12
Q

Conducting division starts at

A

nostrils through major bronchioles

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13
Q

Respiratory division has

A

alveoli and other gas exchange regions

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14
Q

Upper respiratory tract includes

A

head & neck, from nose through larynx

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15
Q

Lower respiratory tract

A

organs of thorax; trachea to lungs

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16
Q

Primary bronchi are

A

R and L Main Bronhci.

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17
Q

Objects tend to get lodged in aspiration in

A

R Bronchi, as its a straight shot from trachea

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18
Q

Bronchial tree consists of

A

primary bronchi, lobular (secondary) bronchi, segmental (tertiary) bronchi

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19
Q

Bronchopulmonary Segment

A

Portion of lung supplied by specific segmental bronchus and artery

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20
Q

Bronchi are lined with what type of cell?

A

Cililated Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

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21
Q

pulmonary lobule

A

portion of lung ventilated by 1 bronchiole

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22
Q

small tubule that branch from bronchi into lungs

A

bronchioles

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23
Q

terminal bronchioles are

A

the end of conducting division

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24
Q

beginning of respiratory division

A

respiratory bronchioles

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25
Q

in alveolar exchange

A

there is gas exchange between inhaled air and blood

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26
Q

How many alveoli is in each lung?

A

150 million providing 70m of surface for gas exchange

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27
Q

what allows for rapid gas diffusion between alveolus and blood stream?

A

Sqaumous Type 1 alveolar cells

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28
Q

What secretes pulmonary surfactant

A

great type 2 alveolar cells

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29
Q

alveolar wall composed of

A

type 1 alveolar cells

30
Q

alveolar wall layers

A

basement membrane, capillary endothelial cell ; both fused together

31
Q

Where does gas exchange take place?

A

in lungs (via alveoli)

32
Q

Alveolar macrophages (dust cells)

A

keep alveoli free from debri

33
Q

Why do lungs have more lymphatic drainage than any other organ in body?

A

So our lungs dont drown in our own fluids, also to allow easy exchange for gas

34
Q

when alveolar walls get thicker and filled with fluid, this is . What respiratory tract does it effect?

A

pneumonia; lower respiratory tract

35
Q

thinner alveolar walls, damaged alveoli, causes shortness of breath, COPD usually develops into

A

enphysema

36
Q

Functions of pleurae include

A

relieves friction, creates pressure gradient, prevents spread of infection

37
Q

serous membrane that covers lung

A

visceral pleurae

38
Q

layer against chest wall

A

parietal pleurae

39
Q

repetitive normal cycle of inhale + exhale

A

pulmonary breathing

40
Q

one complete inhale and exhale

A

respiratory cycle

41
Q

main muscle mover of respiration; increase volume of thorax

A

diaphragm

42
Q

flow of air in and out of lungs depends on

A

pressure difference between air within lung and outside of the body

43
Q

At rest, what breathing is automatic?

A

Eupnea/ quiet breathing

44
Q

Inspiration and Expiration are synonymous for

A

Inhale and Exhale

45
Q

the act of bearing down/ forceful exhalation in a closed airway

A

Valsava maneuver

46
Q

Increases vol of thorax/ opens up chest; muscle of neck/ scalene make it work

A

Forced inspiartion

47
Q

passive process achieved by elasticity of lungs & thoracic cage

A

normal quiet expiration

48
Q

muscle of abdomen contract to pull abdominal organs upward against diaphragm

A

forced expiration

49
Q

Does respiration require autorhythmic pacemakers like the heart?

A

No, we use muscles for respiration

50
Q

Autonomic, unconscious breathing. controlled by 3 respiratory centers in medulla

A

VRG, DRG, PRG

51
Q

primary generator of respiration; fires every 5 seconds

A

Ventral Respiratory Group (VRG)

52
Q

modifies rate and depth of breathing

A

Dorsal Respiratory Group (DRG)

53
Q

Modifies rhythm of VRG

A

Pontine Respiratory Group (PRG)

54
Q

Brain responds to changes in pH of cerebrospinal fluid

A

central chemoreceptors

55
Q

pH is regulated by

A

Carbon Dioxide levels

56
Q

Voluntary control of breathing originates

A

in frontal lobe of cerebrum

57
Q

respond to O2 and CO2 content and the pH of blood

A

Peripheral Chemoreceptors

58
Q

Is breathing autonomic?

A

No. Breathing is involuntary and autoMATIC

59
Q

What limits voluntary control of breathing by raising CO2 levels where automatic breathing overrides one’s will?

A

Breaking Point

60
Q

What drives respiration?

A

Atmospheric pressure

61
Q

1 atmosphere is equivalent to

A

760 mmHG

62
Q

Air flow proportional to

A

change in Pressure (deltaP)

63
Q

Airflow inversely proportional

A

to Resistance

64
Q

Boyle’s Law states, pressure of gas/liquid

A

inversely proportional to its volume. P inverse 1/V

65
Q

Charles law says, as gas gets hotter

A

its volume increases

66
Q

slightly negative pressure between 2 pleural layers

A

interpleural pressure

67
Q

What keeps lungs open and from collapsing?

A

Interpleural Pressure

68
Q

Two pleural layers cling together

A

due to cohesion of water

69
Q

Why is water slightly sticky?

A

Due to hydrogen bonds

70
Q

loss of negative intrapleural pressure allows

A

lungs to recoil & collapse

A&P 2 (8 decks)

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