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a&p 2 > Circulatory SYstem > Flashcards

Circulatory SYstem Flashcards

1
Q

Flow of blood

A

arterioles through capillary beds and converge on venules

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2
Q

pre capillary sphincters open and close

A

to allow blood to pass through capillaries

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3
Q

When precapillary sphincter is open

A

capillaries are more perfused

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4
Q

When pre capillary sphincters are closed

A

there is little to no blood flow to capillary

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5
Q

veins are known as capacitence vessels, bc

A

they hold majority of bodys’ blood. approx 54 %

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6
Q

the smallest veins are called

A

venules

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7
Q

Weak valves in veins that allow blood to pool are referred to as

A

varicose veins

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8
Q

Varicose veins in the anal canal are

A

hemorrhoids

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9
Q

When blood travels through 1 network of capillary beds, that is

A

a simplest pathway

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10
Q

When blood passes through 2 consecutive capillary beds, it is a

A

portal system

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11
Q

When there is a convergence point between 2 vessels other than capillaries and can be considered the body’s natural shortcut, that is an

A

anastomosis

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12
Q

artery flows directly into vein, bypassing capillary

A

AV anastomosis

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13
Q

veins empties into another; most common anastomosis

A

venous anastomosis

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14
Q

when 2 arteries merge

A

arterial anastomosis

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15
Q

The force of blood pushing against blood vessel wall is the

A

blood pressure

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16
Q

Blood flow is proportional to pressure

A

EX: Flow increases, pressure increases

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17
Q

Blood flow is inversely proportional to resistance

A

Ex: Blood flow increase, resistance decreases

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18
Q

Arteries have a pulsatile flow, while

A

veoms have a steady flow

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19
Q

The difference between systolic and diastolic is the

A

pulse pressure

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20
Q

Factors that determine blood pressure

A

cardiac output, blood volume, resistance flow

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21
Q

Factors that affect resistance to flow.

A

viscosity, vessel length, and vessel radius

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22
Q

Blood volume is regulated by the

A

kidneys

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23
Q

The vessel radius adjusts by vasomotion, which is both

A

vasodilation and vasoconstriction

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24
Q

What allows vessel radius to experience vasomotion?

A

SMooth muscle in tunica media

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25
Q

Blood flow is proportional to _____ power of radius.

A

4th, r^4

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26
Q

These capillaries are found in organs where absorption and filtration is needed

A

Fenestrated capillaries

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27
Q

This capillary passes proteins, new blood cells, etc. These capillaries allow big things in & out

A

Sinusoidal “Discontinuous Caps”

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28
Q

These vessels carry blood away from the heart

A

arteries

29
Q

These vessels carry blood toward the heart

A

Veins

30
Q

Nerves and vessels run together are considered a

A

neurovascular bundle

31
Q

Vessel wall layers include

A

tunica interna, tunica media, tunica externa

32
Q

This lines the vessel, has endothelium, smooth & selectively permeable

A

tunica interna

33
Q

This enables vessel diameter/radius to change, and has involuntary, smooth muscle

A

tunica media

34
Q

This is loose connective tissue that contains vaso varosum

A

tunica externa

35
Q

These supply blood to larger vessels

A

vasa vasorum

36
Q

Large arteries contain

A

plenty elastic fibers

37
Q

Elastic fibers allow expansion, which

A

allow control of BP during systole & diastole

38
Q

During systole, elastic fibers allow BP

A

not to go as high

39
Q

During diastole, elastic fibers allow BP

A

not to go as low

40
Q

Arteries ____ during systole and ____ during diastole

A

expand, recoil

41
Q

Vasoconstriciton and vasodilation occur in

A

arterioles

42
Q

Three ways of controlling vasomotor activity

A

Local , neural and hormonal control

43
Q

When tissues regulates own blood flow, it is ____

A

local control

44
Q

Neural Control include both

A

baroreflex & chemoreflex

45
Q

Automatic, negative feed back response in BP located in carotid sinus in carotid arteries

A

baroreflex

46
Q

automatic response to changed in blood chemistry in carotid & aortic bodies

A

chemoreflex

47
Q

automatic response to drop in perfusion of brain

A

medullary ischemic reflex

48
Q

Insufficient perfusion is

A

ischemia

49
Q

Vasomotor center of medulla exerts what kinda of control over blood vessels

A

sympathetic

50
Q

This hormones raises Blood pressure (vasoconstrictor) & promotes sodium and water retention by kidneys

A

Angiotensin II

51
Q

This hormone lowers blood pressure & blood volume) (vasodilator)

A

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide

52
Q

This hormone raises Blood pressure, and promotes water retention

A

ADH- Anti Diuretic Hormone

53
Q

The speed of blood decreases when moving from

A

aorta to capillaries

54
Q

The speed of blood increase while moving from

A

capillaries to Vena Cava

55
Q

Blood moves slower

A

in veins than arteries

56
Q

Most important blood in body is in the

A

capillaries

57
Q

Routes for chemical exchange in capillaries include

A

through endothelium/ cytoplasm, via intercellular clefts, and through filtration pores/ fenestras.

58
Q

Mechanisms for chemical exchange through capillaries include

A

diffusion, transcytosis, filtration and reabsorption.

59
Q

Diffusion across cell from one side to another end

A

Transcytosis

60
Q

Movement from high to low concentration, most important form of capillary exchange

A

diffusion

61
Q

diffusion of water through a semi permeable membrane

A

osmosis “reabsorption”

62
Q

movement of fluid in and out of capillary

A

filtration

63
Q

More water is lost from blood on arterial end than venous end and results in

A

excess fluid in tissue space, which can lead to swelling/ edema if not corrected

64
Q

Flow of blood back to heart

A

Venous Return

65
Q

Mechanisms of venous return include

A

skeletal muscle pump, thoracic pump, exercise

66
Q

when cardiac output does not meet the needs of the body

A

circulatory shock

67
Q

when the body compensates and corrects problem

A

compensated shock

68
Q

when body compensation fails

A

decompensated shock

a&p 2 (8 decks)

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