Circulatory SYstem

Question 1

Flow of blood

Answer 1

arterioles through capillary beds and converge on venules

Question 2

pre capillary sphincters open and close

Answer 2

to allow blood to pass through capillaries

Question 3

When precapillary sphincter is open

Answer 3

capillaries are more perfused

Question 4

When pre capillary sphincters are closed

Answer 4

there is little to no blood flow to capillary

Question 5

veins are known as capacitence vessels, bc

Answer 5

they hold majority of bodys’ blood. approx 54 %

Question 6

the smallest veins are called

Answer 6

venules

Question 7

Weak valves in veins that allow blood to pool are referred to as

Answer 7

varicose veins

Question 8

Varicose veins in the anal canal are

Answer 8

hemorrhoids

Question 9

When blood travels through 1 network of capillary beds, that is

Answer 9

a simplest pathway

Question 10

When blood passes through 2 consecutive capillary beds, it is a

Answer 10

portal system

Question 11

When there is a convergence point between 2 vessels other than capillaries and can be considered the body’s natural shortcut, that is an

Answer 11

anastomosis

Question 12

artery flows directly into vein, bypassing capillary

Answer 12

AV anastomosis

Question 13

veins empties into another; most common anastomosis

Answer 13

venous anastomosis

Question 14

when 2 arteries merge

Answer 14

arterial anastomosis

Question 15

The force of blood pushing against blood vessel wall is the

Answer 15

blood pressure

Question 16

Blood flow is proportional to pressure

Answer 16

EX: Flow increases, pressure increases

Question 17

Blood flow is inversely proportional to resistance

Answer 17

Ex: Blood flow increase, resistance decreases

Question 18

Arteries have a pulsatile flow, while

Answer 18

veoms have a steady flow

Question 19

The difference between systolic and diastolic is the

Answer 19

pulse pressure

Question 20

Factors that determine blood pressure

Answer 20

cardiac output, blood volume, resistance flow

Question 21

Factors that affect resistance to flow.

Answer 21

viscosity, vessel length, and vessel radius

Question 22

Blood volume is regulated by the

Answer 22

kidneys

Question 23

The vessel radius adjusts by vasomotion, which is both

Answer 23

vasodilation and vasoconstriction

Question 24

What allows vessel radius to experience vasomotion?

Answer 24

SMooth muscle in tunica media

Question 25

Blood flow is proportional to _____ power of radius.

Answer 25

4th, r^4

Question 26

These capillaries are found in organs where absorption and filtration is needed

Answer 26

Fenestrated capillaries

Question 27

This capillary passes proteins, new blood cells, etc. These capillaries allow big things in & out

Answer 27

Sinusoidal "Discontinuous Caps"

Question 28

These vessels carry blood away from the heart

Answer 28

arteries

Question 29

These vessels carry blood toward the heart

Answer 29

Veins

Question 30

Nerves and vessels run together are considered a

Answer 30

neurovascular bundle

Question 31

Vessel wall layers include

Answer 31

tunica interna, tunica media, tunica externa

Question 32

This lines the vessel, has endothelium, smooth & selectively permeable

Answer 32

tunica interna

Question 33

This enables vessel diameter/radius to change, and has involuntary, smooth muscle

Answer 33

tunica media

Question 34

This is loose connective tissue that contains vaso varosum

Answer 34

tunica externa

Question 35

These supply blood to larger vessels

Answer 35

vasa vasorum

Question 36

Large arteries contain

Answer 36

plenty elastic fibers

Question 37

Elastic fibers allow expansion, which

Answer 37

allow control of BP during systole & diastole

Question 38

During systole, elastic fibers allow BP

Answer 38

not to go as high

Question 39

During diastole, elastic fibers allow BP

Answer 39

not to go as low

Question 40

Arteries ____ during systole and ____ during diastole

Answer 40

expand, recoil

Question 41

Vasoconstriciton and vasodilation occur in

Answer 41

arterioles

Question 42

Three ways of controlling vasomotor activity

Answer 42

Local , neural and hormonal control

Question 43

When tissues regulates own blood flow, it is ____

Answer 43

local control

Question 44

Neural Control include both

Answer 44

baroreflex & chemoreflex

Question 45

Automatic, negative feed back response in BP located in carotid sinus in carotid arteries

Answer 45

baroreflex

Question 46

automatic response to changed in blood chemistry in carotid & aortic bodies

Answer 46

chemoreflex

Question 47

automatic response to drop in perfusion of brain

Answer 47

medullary ischemic reflex

Question 48

Insufficient perfusion is

Answer 48

ischemia

Question 49

Vasomotor center of medulla exerts what kinda of control over blood vessels

Answer 49

sympathetic

Question 50

This hormones raises Blood pressure (vasoconstrictor) & promotes sodium and water retention by kidneys

Answer 50

Angiotensin II

Question 51

This hormone lowers blood pressure & blood volume) (vasodilator)

Answer 51

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide

Question 52

This hormone raises Blood pressure, and promotes water retention

Answer 52

ADH- Anti Diuretic Hormone

Question 53

The speed of blood decreases when moving from

Answer 53

aorta to capillaries

Question 54

The speed of blood increase while moving from

Answer 54

capillaries to Vena Cava

Question 55

Blood moves slower

Answer 55

in veins than arteries

Question 56

Most important blood in body is in the

Answer 56

capillaries

Question 57

Routes for chemical exchange in capillaries include

Answer 57

through endothelium/ cytoplasm, via intercellular clefts, and through filtration pores/ fenestras.

Question 58

Mechanisms for chemical exchange through capillaries include

Answer 58

diffusion, transcytosis, filtration and reabsorption.

Question 59

Diffusion across cell from one side to another end

Answer 59

Transcytosis

Question 60

Movement from high to low concentration, most important form of capillary exchange

Answer 60

diffusion

Question 61

diffusion of water through a semi permeable membrane

Answer 61

osmosis "reabsorption"

Question 62

movement of fluid in and out of capillary

Answer 62

filtration

Question 63

More water is lost from blood on arterial end than venous end and results in

Answer 63

excess fluid in tissue space, which can lead to swelling/ edema if not corrected

Question 64

Flow of blood back to heart

Answer 64

Venous Return

Question 65

Mechanisms of venous return include

Answer 65

skeletal muscle pump, thoracic pump, exercise

Question 66

when cardiac output does not meet the needs of the body

Answer 66

circulatory shock

Question 67

when the body compensates and corrects problem

Answer 67

compensated shock

Question 68

when body compensation fails

Answer 68

decompensated shock