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A&P 2 > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

5 Stages of Digestion

A

Ingestion, Digestion, Absorption, Compaction, Defacation

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2
Q

Stage of Digestion where you simply take IN food by the mouth

A

INgestion

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3
Q

Stage of digestion where the mechanical & chemical breakdown of food occur

A

Digestion

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4
Q

Stage of digestion where substance move from intestinal lumen to capillaries/lymphatics

A

Absorption

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5
Q

Stage of digestion where the absorption of water turns into feces

A

Compaction

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6
Q

Stage of digestion where elimination of feces

A

Defecation

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7
Q

Physical breakdown of food into small pieces

A

Mechanical digestion

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8
Q

Breaks down dietary macromolecules into their monomers

A

Chemical Digestion

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9
Q

long chains of amino acids

A

Proteins

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10
Q

long chains of glucose

A

carbohydrates

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11
Q

The tube from mouth to anus

A

Digestive Tract

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12
Q

Digestive Tract includes

A

Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestin

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13
Q

This tract includes stomach and intestinal organs

A

GI Tract

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14
Q

Accessory Organs of Digestive Tract Include

A

Teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas

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15
Q

These need little digestion for absorption

A

Vitamins, AA, minerals, cholesterol, and H20

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16
Q

Digestive Tract Wall layers

A

Mucosa, Submucosa, Muscularis, Serosa

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17
Q

This system has over 100 milli neurons , 2 plexes and can function independently of CNS but is apart of ANS

A

Enteric Nervous system

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18
Q

2 plexes of Enteric Nervous System

A

Submucosal and Myenteric (

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19
Q

Mechanisms that control motility and secretion of digestive tract

A

Neural , Hormone, Paracrine Mechanims

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20
Q

First step in mechanical digestion by act of CHEWING foods into smaller pieces, exposing more surface area

A

MASTICATION

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21
Q

Where does the digestion of fat and starch begin?

A

In the saliva

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22
Q

enzyme that begins starch digestion in the mouth

A

Salivary Amylase

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23
Q

enzyme that is activated by stomach acid and digests fat after food is swallowed

A

Lingual Lipase

24
Q

binds and lubricates a mass of food and aids in swallowing

A

Mucus

25
Q

enzyme that kills bacteria

A

Lysozome

26
Q

Binding of food by saliva , tthat can be easily swallowed

A

Bolus

27
Q

Muscular funnel connecting oral cavity to esophagus and nasal cavity to larynx

A

pharynx

28
Q

Esophagus contains this kind of tissue

A

Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

29
Q

Food storage organ that holds up to 4L when extremely full

A

Stomach

30
Q

What happens to food in stomach?

A

Mechanically breaks up food, liquefies it, and begins chemical digestion of protein and fat

31
Q

soupy or pasty mixture of semi-digested food in the stomach

A

Chyme

32
Q

Most digestion occurs after the chyme passes ?

A

From stomach to small intestine

33
Q

Too much water in colon w/ fecal matter

A

Diarrhea

34
Q

Blood drained from stomach and intestines enters?

A

Hepatic Portal Circulation

35
Q

Once blood from stomach enters hepatic portal circulation

A

material is processed by liver, then passed to the heart, then enters the general circulation.

36
Q

Cells of the stomach include

A

mucosa, regenerative (stem), parietal, chief, enteroendocrine cells

37
Q

These cells secrete HCl , intrinsic factor, hunger hormone & ghrelin

A

Parietal Cells

38
Q

These cells are the most numerous & Secrete gastric lipase and pepsinogen

A

Chief Cells

39
Q

What activates pepsin & Lingual Lipase?

A

HCl

40
Q

The only digestive enzyme in the stomach

A

Pepsin (inactive)

41
Q

Most digestive enzymes are made in

A

the pancreas

42
Q

What is needed to absorb vitamin b12?

A

Intrinsic factor

43
Q

What is needed to produce hemoglobin?

A

b12

44
Q

Gastric Juice is a mix of

A

water, hydrochloric acid, and pepsin

45
Q

How much gastric juice produced by the glands daily?

A

2-3L

46
Q

Gastric Juice has a high concentration of this, which makes it highly acidic?

A

Hydrochloric Acid

47
Q

digestive enzymes secreted as inactive proteins

A

zymogens

48
Q

Pepsinogen (inactive protein) once active becomes

A

pepsin

49
Q

This protein digest big proteins (dietary proteins) into (shorter peptides) smaller pieces

A

pepsin

50
Q

Most digestion and nearly all absorption occur after the chyme ?

A

passes into small intestine (mainly the jejunum)

51
Q

How is stomach protected from the harsh acidic and enzymatic environment it creates??

A

Mucous coat, tight junctions, epithelial cell replacement

52
Q

What neutralizes in duodenum

A

Bicarbonate

53
Q

Where does small intestine receive chyme?

A

From stomach and secretions from liver and pancreas; which mix in duodenum, which turns into jejunum where digestion and absorption take place

54
Q

organ made up of hepatocytes that secrete bile

A

liver

55
Q

Organ that STORES bile

A

GallBladder

A&P 2 (8 decks)

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