Digestive System

Question 1

5 Stages of Digestion

Answer 1

Ingestion, Digestion, Absorption, Compaction, Defacation

Question 2

Stage of Digestion where you simply take IN food by the mouth

Answer 2

INgestion

Question 3

Stage of digestion where the mechanical & chemical breakdown of food occur

Answer 3

Digestion

Question 4

Stage of digestion where substance move from intestinal lumen to capillaries/lymphatics

Answer 4

Absorption

Question 5

Stage of digestion where the absorption of water turns into feces

Answer 5

Compaction

Question 6

Stage of digestion where elimination of feces

Answer 6

Defecation

Question 7

Physical breakdown of food into small pieces

Answer 7

Mechanical digestion

Question 8

Breaks down dietary macromolecules into their monomers

Answer 8

Chemical Digestion

Question 9

long chains of amino acids

Answer 9

Proteins

Question 10

long chains of glucose

Answer 10

carbohydrates

Question 11

The tube from mouth to anus

Answer 11

Digestive Tract

Question 12

Digestive Tract includes

Answer 12

Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestin

Question 13

This tract includes stomach and intestinal organs

Answer 13

GI Tract

Question 14

Accessory Organs of Digestive Tract Include

Answer 14

Teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas

Question 15

These need little digestion for absorption

Answer 15

Vitamins, AA, minerals, cholesterol, and H20

Question 16

Digestive Tract Wall layers

Answer 16

Mucosa, Submucosa, Muscularis, Serosa

Question 17

This system has over 100 milli neurons , 2 plexes and can function independently of CNS but is apart of ANS

Answer 17

Enteric Nervous system

Question 18

2 plexes of Enteric Nervous System

Answer 18

Submucosal and Myenteric (

Question 19

Mechanisms that control motility and secretion of digestive tract

Answer 19

Neural , Hormone, Paracrine Mechanims

Question 20

First step in mechanical digestion by act of CHEWING foods into smaller pieces, exposing more surface area

Answer 20

MASTICATION

Question 21

Where does the digestion of fat and starch begin?

Answer 21

In the saliva

Question 22

enzyme that begins starch digestion in the mouth

Answer 22

Salivary Amylase

Question 23

enzyme that is activated by stomach acid and digests fat after food is swallowed

Answer 23

Lingual Lipase

Question 24

binds and lubricates a mass of food and aids in swallowing

Answer 24

Mucus

Question 25

enzyme that kills bacteria

Answer 25

Lysozome

Question 26

Binding of food by saliva , tthat can be easily swallowed

Answer 26

Bolus

Question 27

Muscular funnel connecting oral cavity to esophagus and nasal cavity to larynx

Answer 27

pharynx

Question 28

Esophagus contains this kind of tissue

Answer 28

Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Question 29

Food storage organ that holds up to 4L when extremely full

Answer 29

Stomach

Question 30

What happens to food in stomach?

Answer 30

Mechanically breaks up food, liquefies it, and begins chemical digestion of protein and fat

Question 31

soupy or pasty mixture of semi-digested food in the stomach

Answer 31

Chyme

Question 32

Most digestion occurs after the chyme passes ?

Answer 32

From stomach to small intestine

Question 33

Too much water in colon w/ fecal matter

Answer 33

Diarrhea

Question 34

Blood drained from stomach and intestines enters?

Answer 34

Hepatic Portal Circulation

Question 35

Once blood from stomach enters hepatic portal circulation

Answer 35

material is processed by liver, then passed to the heart, then enters the general circulation.

Question 36

Cells of the stomach include

Answer 36

mucosa, regenerative (stem), parietal, chief, enteroendocrine cells

Question 37

These cells secrete HCl , intrinsic factor, hunger hormone & ghrelin

Answer 37

Parietal Cells

Question 38

These cells are the most numerous & Secrete gastric lipase and pepsinogen

Answer 38

Chief Cells

Question 39

What activates pepsin & Lingual Lipase?

Answer 39

HCl

Question 40

The only digestive enzyme in the stomach

Answer 40

Pepsin (inactive)

Question 41

Most digestive enzymes are made in

Answer 41

the pancreas

Question 42

What is needed to absorb vitamin b12?

Answer 42

Intrinsic factor

Question 43

What is needed to produce hemoglobin?

Answer 43

b12

Question 44

Gastric Juice is a mix of

Answer 44

water, hydrochloric acid, and pepsin

Question 45

How much gastric juice produced by the glands daily?

Answer 45

2-3L

Question 46

Gastric Juice has a high concentration of this, which makes it highly acidic?

Answer 46

Hydrochloric Acid

Question 47

digestive enzymes secreted as inactive proteins

Answer 47

zymogens

Question 48

Pepsinogen (inactive protein) once active becomes

Answer 48

pepsin

Question 49

This protein digest big proteins (dietary proteins) into (shorter peptides) smaller pieces

Answer 49

pepsin

Question 50

Most digestion and nearly all absorption occur after the chyme ?

Answer 50

passes into small intestine (mainly the jejunum)

Question 51

How is stomach protected from the harsh acidic and enzymatic environment it creates??

Answer 51

Mucous coat, tight junctions, epithelial cell replacement

Question 52

What neutralizes in duodenum

Answer 52

Bicarbonate

Question 53

Where does small intestine receive chyme?

Answer 53

From stomach and secretions from liver and pancreas; which mix in duodenum, which turns into jejunum where digestion and absorption take place

Question 54

organ made up of hepatocytes that secrete bile

Answer 54

liver

Question 55

Organ that STORES bile

Answer 55

GallBladder