RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Flashcards
1
Q
Define
- Pulmonary ventilation
- External ventilation
- Internal ventilation
A
- Oxygen into the lungs
- Getting oxygen into blood stream
- oxygen from blood stream to cells
2
Q
Define the functions of the respiratory system
A
- Move air in and out of lungs
- provide surface area for exchange of gases between air and blood
- protect these surfaces: pathogens, temp change, dehydration
- regulates blood pH
- produce sound
- Sense of smell
3
Q
What are the 4 components of the upper respiratory tract
A
- Sinuses
- Nose
- Nasal cavity
- Pharynx
4
Q
What are the components of the lower respiratory tract?
A
- Larynx
- Trachea
- Bronchus
- Bronchioles
5
Q
What is the structure of the trachea on a microscopic level?
A
- Psuedostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
- Lamina propria
- Trapped particles
- Goblet cells
6
Q
Define the structure of the lungs
A
- Right lung lobe: superior, middle, inferior
- Left lung lobes: superior, inferior
- Pleural cavity: surrounds each lung
- Hilum: site of bronchi, blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerve entry
7
Q
What are conducting zones?
A
Structures that don’t participate in gas exchange , but provide rigid passageways that allow air to reach alveoli
8
Q
What are respiratory zones?
A
Structures that participate in gas exchange
9
Q
How does inhalation and exhalation influence size of thoracic cavity
A
Inhalation = Increase of size in thoracic cavity Exhalation = decrease of size in thoracic cavity.
10
Q
Define the 4 steps of respiration
A
- Pulmonary ventilation - gas exchange between the atmosphere and air sacs (alveoli) in the lungs
- External respiration - exchange of O2, and CO2 between air in the alveoli and the blood
- Blood/gas transport - transport of O2 and CO2 between the lungs and the tissues
- Internal respiration - exchange of O2 and CO2 between the blood and the tissues
11
Q
How do oxygen molecules bind to haemoglobin
A
Oxygen molecules bind to the iron within haemoglobin
