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BIOL128 > CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM > Flashcards

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

What does the CVS do?

A
  • Delivers oxygen and nutrients
  • helps remove waste from tissues (CO2)
  • Homeostasis: clotting, pH, vasodilation/constriction
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2
Q

What are the 4 components of the CVS?

A

Pulmonary arteries and veins

Systemic arteries and veins

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3
Q

What are the 2 layers of the pericardium?

A

Fibrous and serous, they surround and stabilise the heart

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4
Q

What are the 3 layers of the heart wall?

A
  1. Epicardium - connective tissue, anchor and support
  2. Myocardium - muscle tissue, moves blood
  3. Endocardium - epithelial tissue, secretes, absorbs and protects
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5
Q

What are the functions of the heart valves?

A
  • prevents back flow of blood
  • ## open and close passively (not directed by nerves)
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6
Q

How do the arteries and veins control blood flow?

A

Arteries leave the heart

Veins come towards the heart

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7
Q

List the steps of blood flow through the CVS

A

body => vena cavae => right atrium => tricuspid valve (RAV) => right ventricle => pulmonary valve (SL) => pulmonary trunk and arteries => lungs

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8
Q

What are the 4 aspects of the conducting system?

A
  1. SA node (sinoatrial): the pacemaker in the wall of right atrium
  2. AV node: junction between atria and ventricles
  3. AV bundle: in the septum, carries impulses to left and rights bundle branches
  4. Purkinje fibres: distributes impulse through ventricles
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9
Q

What is the function of systemic circulation?

A

takes oxygenated blood from heart to tissues and takes deoxygenated blood back to heart

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10
Q

What is the function of the hepatic portal vein?

A

takes blood from digestive organs to liver, unique; only vein that goes from organ to organ rather than organ to heart.

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11
Q

Describe

  1. Arteries
  2. Arterioles
  3. Capillaries
  4. Venules
  5. Veins
A
  1. elastic and muscular (away from heart)
  2. Smallest branch of arteries
  3. smallest blood vessels, location of exchange between blood and interstitial fluid
  4. collect blood from capillaries
  5. return blood to heart
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12
Q

Cardiac output=

A

Heart rate x Stroke volume

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13
Q

What are the functions of blood?

A
  • Transportation: O2 and nutrients to cell, CO2 and metabolic wastes away from cells
  • Regulation: helps homeostasis
  • Protection: against disease and rapid fluid loss
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14
Q

What are the components of blood?

A

55% plasma (water, proteins)

45% formed elements (different blood cells)

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15
Q

List white blood cells from most to least present

A
  1. Neutrophil
  2. Eosinophil
  3. Basophil
  4. Monocytes
  5. Lymphocyte
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16
Q

Describe oxy and deoxyhaemoglobin

A 
Oxy = when saturated with O2, bright red
Deoxy = when O2 has been delivered to tissues, dark red

BIOL128 (9 decks)

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