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BIOL128 > NERVOUS SYSTEM/ CNS > Flashcards

NERVOUS SYSTEM/ CNS Flashcards

1
Q

Define the 2 key components of the CNS and its function

A
  • The brain and spinal cord

- control unit performing integration and analysis of info and then signals/commands generation as response

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2
Q

Define the 2 key components of the PNS and its function

A
  • Cranial and spinal nerves

- relays information from internal and external environment up to CNS

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3
Q

Define afferent division of the PNS

A

Afferent = Sensory

  • somatic and visceral sensory nerve fibres
  • conducts impulses from receptors to CNS
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4
Q

Define efferent division of the PNS

A

Efferent = motor

  • motor nerve fibres
  • conducts impulses from CNS to effectors (muscles and glands)
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5
Q

Define the function of the autonomic nervous system

A

ANS = involuntary

  • visceral motor (involuntary)
  • conducts impulses from the CNS to cardiac muscles, smooth muscles, and glands
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6
Q

Define the function of the Somatic nervous system

A

SNS = voluntary

  • somatic motor (voluntary)
  • conducts impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscles
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7
Q

Define the sympathetic division the nervous system

A

Sympathetic = fight or flight

- mobilises body systems during activity

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8
Q

Define the parasympathetic division of the nervous system

A

Parasympathetic = rest and digest

  • conserves energy
  • promotes housekeeping functions during rest
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9
Q

List the process of function for the somatic nervous system

A

Somatic = voluntary

Sensory organs => afferent nerves => Integration of info send commands to motor neurons => efferent nerves => Control muscles

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10
Q

List the process for the autonomic nervous system

A

Autonomic = involuntary

Visceral organs => Afferent nerves => integration of information send commands through nerves => autonomic response => efferent nerves => parasympathetic ‘rest and digest’ or sympathetic ‘fight or flight’

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11
Q

Define neurons and neuroglia

A

Neurons = excitable cells able to transmit nervous message

Neuroglia = Specialised cells found only in close association with neurons, don’t participate directly in info transfer, support neurons and enhance function

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12
Q

Define grey and white matter

A 
Grey = unmyelinated, axons without myelin, neutron cell bodies and dendrites
White = myelinated, axons with myelin
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13
Q

Define the functions of the axon and axon terminals

A

Axon = Carries electrical message (action potential) along its length
Axon terminal = releases neurotransmitters to bind with post-synaptic cell

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14
Q

What are the 5 main sections of the CNS

A
  1. Spinal cord
  2. Brainstem
  3. Cerebellum
  4. Subcortical region
  5. Cerebral cortex
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15
Q

Describe the structure of the cerebral cortex

A
  • Blanket of cells covering the cerebral hemispheres

- 2-5mm thick sheet of grey matter (including neuronal cell bodies)

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16
Q

Define the gyrus and sulcus

A
  • Gyrus and sulcus divide each cerebral hemisphere into 4 lobes
  • Sulci (or fissures) = the grooves
  • Gyri = the bumps
  • the folding created by sulci and gyri increases the amount of cerebral cortex that can fit in the skull
17
Q

Function of the frontal lobe

A

Primary and voluntary motor cortex

18
Q

Function of the parietal lobe

A
  • Somatic sensory cortex

- Conscious perception of touch, pressure, pain, vibration, taste

19
Q

Function of occipital lobe

A
  • Visual cortex

- Conscious perception of vision

20
Q

Function of temporal lobe

A
  • auditory and olfactory cortex

- conscious perception of auditory and olfactory stimuli

21
Q

Function of cerebellum

A
  • Called ‘little brain’
  • Rapid co-ordination for movement, automatic adjustments to maintain balance and posture
  • In motor learning: when learning a new skill, dramatic increase in neural traffic to the cerebellum
22
Q

Function of thalamus

A

Relay and processing centres for sensory information

23
Q

Function of hypothalamus

A

Controlling emotions, autonomic functions and hormone production

24
Q

Function of midbrain

A
  • Processing of visual and auditory data
  • reflexive motor responses
  • Maintenance of consciousness
25
Q

Function of pons

A
  • relays sensory info to cerebellum and thalamus

- subconscious visceral and somatic motor centres

26
Q

Function of medulla oblongata

A
  • Relays sensory info to thalamus and to other portions of brain stem
  • autonomic centres for regulation of visceral function
27
Q

Function of brain stem

A
  • contains ascending and descending nerve pathways
  • Mediates complex ‘primitive’ behaviours, breathing, heart rate, swallowing, blood pressure
  • mediates brain control of head and neck muscles
28
Q

Function of corpus callosum

A

Connects the 2 hemispheres

29
Q

Function of spinal cord

A
  • Major column of nerve tissue

- Extends from foramina magnum to lumbar vertical column

BIOL128 (9 decks)

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