Respiratory Structure & Function Flashcards
What is the function of the respiratory system?
To help you breathe
What is included in the respiratory system
Airways, lungs, and blood vessels
What are the two anatomical divisions of the respiratory system?
Upper and Lower Respiratory Systems
What anatomy is apart of the upper respiratory system?
Nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and pharynx
What anatomy is apart of the lower respiratory system?
Larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli.
What are the two functional divisions of the respiratory system?
The conducting portion and the respiratory portion
What anatomy spans the conducting portion?
Nasal cavity to the larger bronchioles
What anatomy spans the respiratory portion?
Smaller respiratory bronchioles and alveoli
Where does the respiratory mucosa line?
The conducting portion of the respiratory system?
What does the respiratory mucosa consist of?
An epithelium and an underlying layer of areolar tissue
What is the lamina propria?
Underlying layer or areolar tissue that supports respiratory epithelium
How is mucus propelled along the conducting portion of the respiratory system?
Ciliary movement
How does Cystic Fibrosis affect the respiratory system?
Congenital defect affect mucus cells which creates thick and sticky mucus and therefore blocks passageways and leads to frequent infection
Where are pseudostratified ciliated columnar cells found?
In nasal cavity, superior portion of the pharynx and lower respiratory system.
Where is stratified squamous epithelium found?
Inferior portions of pharynx
Where is cuboidal epithelium with scattered cilia found?
Smaller bronchioles
Where is simple squamous epithelium found?
alveoli
What is the function of the nose?
Primary passageway for air entry
What is the nasal vestibule?
Space contained within the flexible tissues of the nostrils
Why do we have hairs across the nostrils?
To prevent large airborne particles from entering nasal cavity?
Why is the nasal cavity ireggularly bony?
To make airflow turbulent in order to warm and humidify incoming air and to allow smaller particles to get caught in mucosa.
Where and what is the purpose of the olfactory region?
In the superior portion of the nasal cavity that provide a sense of smell
What organ is shared by both the digestive and respiratory systems?
Pharynx
What is the Larynx
A cartilaginous tube that surrounds and protects the glottis.
What three cartilages comprise the Layrnx
Epiglottis - elastic cartilage
And thyroid and cricoid cartilage
What causes the Laryngeal prominence?
Thyroid cartilage elongation due adrogens.
What is the larynx?
Voice box
What are the functions of the larynx?
To provide a patent airway
To route fodd and air in the right diretcions
VOice production
What is the trachea?
Wind pipe
Why tracheal cartilages important?
They keep trachea open and protect the airway
How does sympathetic stimulation affect the trachea?
Causes a relaxion of the trachea which allows more air into the body.
Where are alveoli located?
At the end of respiratory bronchioles along alveolar ducts
What is a type 1 pneumocyte?
simple squamous epithelium that forms the wall of the alveoli and is the site of gas diffusion
What is the immune cell of the alveoli
Alveolar macrophages
What is a type 2 pneumocyte?
large cells scattered among squamous cells that produce surfactant
What is surfactant?
Oily secretion along the alveolar surface that reduces surface tension to keep alveoli open
What is respiratory distress syndrome?
A condition in premature infants where alveoli collapse due to inadequate amounts of surfactant.
What are the layers of the blood-air barrier?
Alveolar cell layer
Capillary endothelial layer
Fused basement membrane
What causes quick and effiecient gas exchange?
The distance for diffusion is short and gases are lipid soluble.
What are the three lobes of the right lung?
Superior lobe, Middle lobe, and inferior lobe
What are the two lobes of the left lung?
The superior and inferior lobes
What is a pulmonary lobectomy
Surgical removal of an unhealthy part of the lung
What are the pleural cavities?
Parietal pleura (inner thoracic wall and accross diapraghm) and Visceral pleura (outer surface of the lungs that extends through lobe fissures.
What is external repsiration?
All the processes involved in the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between body’s interstitial fluids and and external environment
Whats internal respiration
Absorption of oxygen and release of carbon dioxide by those cells.
What is compliance?
A measure of how easy it is to inflate the lungs
How does surfactant interact with water
Disrupts hydrogen bonds in water layer to reduce surface tension
