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BMS 300 > Respiratory Structure & Function > Flashcards

Respiratory Structure & Function Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the respiratory system?

A

To help you breathe

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2
Q

What is included in the respiratory system

A

Airways, lungs, and blood vessels

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3
Q

What are the two anatomical divisions of the respiratory system?

A

Upper and Lower Respiratory Systems

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4
Q

What anatomy is apart of the upper respiratory system?

A

Nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and pharynx

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5
Q

What anatomy is apart of the lower respiratory system?

A

Larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli.

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6
Q

What are the two functional divisions of the respiratory system?

A

The conducting portion and the respiratory portion

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7
Q

What anatomy spans the conducting portion?

A

Nasal cavity to the larger bronchioles

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8
Q

What anatomy spans the respiratory portion?

A

Smaller respiratory bronchioles and alveoli

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9
Q

Where does the respiratory mucosa line?

A

The conducting portion of the respiratory system?

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10
Q

What does the respiratory mucosa consist of?

A

An epithelium and an underlying layer of areolar tissue

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11
Q

What is the lamina propria?

A

Underlying layer or areolar tissue that supports respiratory epithelium

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12
Q

How is mucus propelled along the conducting portion of the respiratory system?

A

Ciliary movement

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13
Q

How does Cystic Fibrosis affect the respiratory system?

A

Congenital defect affect mucus cells which creates thick and sticky mucus and therefore blocks passageways and leads to frequent infection

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14
Q

Where are pseudostratified ciliated columnar cells found?

A

In nasal cavity, superior portion of the pharynx and lower respiratory system.

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15
Q

Where is stratified squamous epithelium found?

A

Inferior portions of pharynx

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16
Q

Where is cuboidal epithelium with scattered cilia found?

A

Smaller bronchioles

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17
Q

Where is simple squamous epithelium found?

A

alveoli

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18
Q

What is the function of the nose?

A

Primary passageway for air entry

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19
Q

What is the nasal vestibule?

A

Space contained within the flexible tissues of the nostrils

20
Q

Why do we have hairs across the nostrils?

A

To prevent large airborne particles from entering nasal cavity?

21
Q

Why is the nasal cavity ireggularly bony?

A

To make airflow turbulent in order to warm and humidify incoming air and to allow smaller particles to get caught in mucosa.

22
Q

Where and what is the purpose of the olfactory region?

A

In the superior portion of the nasal cavity that provide a sense of smell

23
Q

What organ is shared by both the digestive and respiratory systems?

A

Pharynx

24
Q

What is the Larynx

A

A cartilaginous tube that surrounds and protects the glottis.

25
Q

What three cartilages comprise the Layrnx

A

Epiglottis - elastic cartilage
And thyroid and cricoid cartilage

26
Q

What causes the Laryngeal prominence?

A

Thyroid cartilage elongation due adrogens.

27
Q

What is the larynx?

A

Voice box

28
Q

What are the functions of the larynx?

A

To provide a patent airway
To route fodd and air in the right diretcions
VOice production

29
Q

What is the trachea?

A

Wind pipe

30
Q

Why tracheal cartilages important?

A

They keep trachea open and protect the airway

31
Q

How does sympathetic stimulation affect the trachea?

A

Causes a relaxion of the trachea which allows more air into the body.

32
Q

Where are alveoli located?

A

At the end of respiratory bronchioles along alveolar ducts

33
Q

What is a type 1 pneumocyte?

A

simple squamous epithelium that forms the wall of the alveoli and is the site of gas diffusion

34
Q

What is the immune cell of the alveoli

A

Alveolar macrophages

35
Q

What is a type 2 pneumocyte?

A

large cells scattered among squamous cells that produce surfactant

36
Q

What is surfactant?

A

Oily secretion along the alveolar surface that reduces surface tension to keep alveoli open

37
Q

What is respiratory distress syndrome?

A

A condition in premature infants where alveoli collapse due to inadequate amounts of surfactant.

38
Q

What are the layers of the blood-air barrier?

A

Alveolar cell layer
Capillary endothelial layer
Fused basement membrane

39
Q

What causes quick and effiecient gas exchange?

A

The distance for diffusion is short and gases are lipid soluble.

40
Q

What are the three lobes of the right lung?

A

Superior lobe, Middle lobe, and inferior lobe

41
Q

What are the two lobes of the left lung?

A

The superior and inferior lobes

42
Q

What is a pulmonary lobectomy

A

Surgical removal of an unhealthy part of the lung

43
Q

What are the pleural cavities?

A

Parietal pleura (inner thoracic wall and accross diapraghm) and Visceral pleura (outer surface of the lungs that extends through lobe fissures.

44
Q

What is external repsiration?

A

All the processes involved in the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between body’s interstitial fluids and and external environment

45
Q

Whats internal respiration

A

Absorption of oxygen and release of carbon dioxide by those cells.

46
Q

What is compliance?

A

A measure of how easy it is to inflate the lungs

47
Q

How does surfactant interact with water

A

Disrupts hydrogen bonds in water layer to reduce surface tension

BMS 300 (16 decks)

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