Respiratory Quiz Flashcards
What happens in the lungs when the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles relax?
Air is forced out of the lungs.
Which of the following activities does NOT require muscle contractions and energy?
Forced inspiration
Quiet expiration
Forced expiration
Quiet inspiration
Quiet expiration
The central chemoreceptors in the medulla are normally most sensitive to:
elevated carbon dioxide level.
Which of the following values is always decreased with respiratory alkalosis (compensated or decompensated)?
PaCO2
Approximately what percentage of bound oxygen is released to the cells for metabolism during an erythrocyte’s journey through the circulatory system?
25%
Light bubbly or crackling breathing sounds associated with serous secretions are called:
rales
Signs and symptoms of acute sinusitis usually include:
severe localized pain in the facial bone and tenderness in the face.
How does severe hypoxia develop with pneumonia?
__________ diffusion is impaired by the _____________.
Oxygen diffusion is impaired by the congestion.
When does active (secondary) infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis with tissue destruction occur?
When ___________________ is decreased
When host resistance is decreased
Areas in the United States that show higher rates than the national rate of TB are areas that have a high incidence of:
HIV and homelessness.
The basic pathophysiology of cystic fibrosis is centered on a/an:
defect of the exocrine glands.
What is a common indicator of cystic fibrosis in the newborn?
Failure to :
Failure to excrete meconium
Why does hypercalcemia occur with bronchogenic carcinoma?
Secretion of _________________________________ by the tumor
Secretion of parathyroid or parathyroid like hormones by the tumor
What is the pathophysiology of an acute attack of extrinsic asthma?
A __________________ reaction involving release of _______________________
A hypersensitivity reaction involving release of chemical mediators
What is typical of progressive emphysema?
_______________________ increases.
Residual lung volume increases.
Which statement does NOT apply to emphysema?
Expiration is impaired.
The surface area available for gas exchange is greatly reduced.
The ventilation/perfusion ratio remains constant.
A genetic defect may lead to breakdown of elastic fibers.
The ventilation/perfusion ratio remains constant.
Why does cor pulmonale develop with chronic pulmonary disease?
Pulmonary fibrosis and ___________________ increase vascular _______________.
Pulmonary fibrosis and vasoconstriction increase vascular resistance.
Pulmonary edema causes severe hypoxia because of:
interference with expansion of the lungs.
Which of the following is NOT a cause of pulmonary edema?
Left-sided congestive heart failure
Excessive blood volume (overload)
Inhalation of toxic gases
Hyperproteinemia and increasing osmotic pressure of the blood
Hyperproteinemia and increasing osmotic pressure of the blood
What is a large-sized pulmonary embolus likely to cause?
_____________ and _____-sided heart failure
Hypotension and right-sided heart failure
How does a large pleural effusion lead to atelectasis?
The _________ between the _________________ is disrupted.
The cohesion between the pleural membranes is disrupted.
How is cardiac output reduced with a flail chest injury?
_________________ is impaired.
Venous return is impaired.
Which is an effect of a large open pneumothorax (sucking wound)?
Mediastinal _______, impairing venous return
Mediastinal flutter, impairing venous return
Which of the following statements describe the pathophysiology of adult respiratory distress syndrome?
1. Damage leading to increased permeability of the alveolar capillary membranes
2. Decreased surface tension in the alveoli
3. Excessive fluid and protein interstitially and in the alveoli
4. Multiple diffuse hemorrhages in the lungs
1, 3
Lobar pneumonia is usually caused by:
Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is caused by a/an:
coronavirus.
Which of the following is likely to cause pneumothorax or hemothorax in a patient with bronchogenic carcinoma?
The tumor causes inflammation and ________ of the ________membranes.
The tumor causes inflammation and erosion of the pleural membranes.
Which of the following statements is FALSE?
TB bacilli are slow-growing bacteria.
Active TB must be treated in hospital for many months.
Active TB can be prevented by good host resistance.
TB bacilli are spread by oral droplet.
Active TB must be treated in hospital for many months.
Which of the following drugs in an inhaler would likely be carried by individuals to provide immediate control of acute asthma attacks?
A β2-adrenergic agent
Development of emphysema in a nonsmoker may be the result of:
a genetic factor.
Primary atypical pneumonia (PAP) is caused by:
Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
Which of the following distinguishes influenza from infectious rhinitis?
Influenza has a sudden onset with _______, marked __________ aching, and severe ___________.
Influenza has a sudden onset with fever, marked muscle aching, and severe malaise.
Hemoptysis is a significant sign of:
pulmonary edema.
The mutated gene for cystic fibrosis is located on the:
seventh chromosome.
What is the most common cause of viral pneumonia?
Influenza virus
