Respiratory Quiz

Question 1

What happens in the lungs when the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles relax?

Answer 1

Air is forced out of the lungs.

Question 2

Which of the following activities does NOT require muscle contractions and energy?

Forced inspiration
Quiet expiration
Forced expiration
Quiet inspiration

Answer 2

Quiet expiration

Question 3

The central chemoreceptors in the medulla are normally most sensitive to:

Answer 3

elevated carbon dioxide level.

Question 4

Which of the following values is always decreased with respiratory alkalosis (compensated or decompensated)?

Answer 4

PaCO2

Question 5

Approximately what percentage of bound oxygen is released to the cells for metabolism during an erythrocyte’s journey through the circulatory system?

Answer 5

25%

Question 6

Light bubbly or crackling breathing sounds associated with serous secretions are called:

Answer 6

rales

Question 7

Signs and symptoms of acute sinusitis usually include:

Answer 7

severe localized pain in the facial bone and tenderness in the face.

Question 8

How does severe hypoxia develop with pneumonia?

__________ diffusion is impaired by the _____________.

Answer 8

Oxygen diffusion is impaired by the congestion.

Question 9

When does active (secondary) infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis with tissue destruction occur?

When ___________________ is decreased

Answer 9

When host resistance is decreased

Question 10

Areas in the United States that show higher rates than the national rate of TB are areas that have a high incidence of:

Answer 10

HIV and homelessness.

Question 11

The basic pathophysiology of cystic fibrosis is centered on a/an:

Answer 11

defect of the exocrine glands.

Question 12

What is a common indicator of cystic fibrosis in the newborn?
Failure to :

Answer 12

Failure to excrete meconium

Question 13

Why does hypercalcemia occur with bronchogenic carcinoma?

Secretion of _________________________________ by the tumor

Answer 13

Secretion of parathyroid or parathyroid like hormones by the tumor

Question 14

What is the pathophysiology of an acute attack of extrinsic asthma?

A __________________ reaction involving release of _______________________

Answer 14

A hypersensitivity reaction involving release of chemical mediators

Question 15

What is typical of progressive emphysema?

_______________________ increases.

Answer 15

Residual lung volume increases.

Question 16

Which statement does NOT apply to emphysema?

Expiration is impaired.
The surface area available for gas exchange is greatly reduced.
The ventilation/perfusion ratio remains constant.
A genetic defect may lead to breakdown of elastic fibers.

Answer 16

The ventilation/perfusion ratio remains constant.

Question 17

Why does cor pulmonale develop with chronic pulmonary disease?

Pulmonary fibrosis and ___________________ increase vascular _______________.

Answer 17

Pulmonary fibrosis and vasoconstriction increase vascular resistance.

Question 18

Pulmonary edema causes severe hypoxia because of:

Answer 18

interference with expansion of the lungs.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a cause of pulmonary edema?

Left-sided congestive heart failure
Excessive blood volume (overload)
Inhalation of toxic gases
Hyperproteinemia and increasing osmotic pressure of the blood

Answer 19

Hyperproteinemia and increasing osmotic pressure of the blood

Question 20

What is a large-sized pulmonary embolus likely to cause?

_____________ and _____-sided heart failure

Answer 20

Hypotension and right-sided heart failure

Question 21

How does a large pleural effusion lead to atelectasis?

The _________ between the _________________ is disrupted.

Answer 21

The cohesion between the pleural membranes is disrupted.

Question 22

How is cardiac output reduced with a flail chest injury?

_________________ is impaired.

Answer 22

Venous return is impaired.

Question 23

Which is an effect of a large open pneumothorax (sucking wound)?

Mediastinal _______, impairing venous return

Answer 23

Mediastinal flutter, impairing venous return

Question 24

Which of the following statements describe the pathophysiology of adult respiratory distress syndrome?
1. Damage leading to increased permeability of the alveolar capillary membranes
2. Decreased surface tension in the alveoli
3. Excessive fluid and protein interstitially and in the alveoli
4. Multiple diffuse hemorrhages in the lungs

Answer 24

1, 3

Question 25

Lobar pneumonia is usually caused by:

Answer 25

Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Question 26

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is caused by a/an:

Answer 26

coronavirus.

Question 27

Which of the following is likely to cause pneumothorax or hemothorax in a patient with bronchogenic carcinoma?

The tumor causes inflammation and ________ of the ________membranes.

Answer 27

The tumor causes inflammation and erosion of the pleural membranes.

Question 28

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

TB bacilli are slow-growing bacteria.
Active TB must be treated in hospital for many months.
Active TB can be prevented by good host resistance.
TB bacilli are spread by oral droplet.

Answer 28

Active TB must be treated in hospital for many months.

Question 29

Which of the following drugs in an inhaler would likely be carried by individuals to provide immediate control of acute asthma attacks?

Answer 29

A β2-adrenergic agent

Question 30

Development of emphysema in a nonsmoker may be the result of:

Answer 30

a genetic factor.

Question 31

Primary atypical pneumonia (PAP) is caused by:

Answer 31

Mycoplasma pneumoniae.

Question 32

Which of the following distinguishes influenza from infectious rhinitis?

Influenza has a sudden onset with _______, marked __________ aching, and severe ___________.

Answer 32

Influenza has a sudden onset with fever, marked muscle aching, and severe malaise.

Question 33

Hemoptysis is a significant sign of:

Answer 33

pulmonary edema.

Question 34

The mutated gene for cystic fibrosis is located on the:

Answer 34

seventh chromosome.

Question 35

What is the most common cause of viral pneumonia?

Answer 35

Influenza virus