Fluid/Electrolytes Q Flashcards
Insensible fluid loss refers to water lost through:
perspiration and expiration.
Decreased osmotic pressure would result from a deficit of :
plasma proteins
Increased ____________ _____________ would cause edema
capillary permeability
Rough oral mucosa is a typical sign of:
dehydration
Excessive ___________ is a common cause of hyponatremia
sweating
__________ ___________is a common effect of both hypokalemia and hyperkalemia?
Cardiac arrhythmias
increased parathyroid hormone leads to Increased absorption of :
calcium from the digestive tract
Increased permeability of nerve membranes due to low serum calcium causes:
tetany
When many excess hydrogen ions accumulate in the blood, what happens to serum pH? The pH:
decreases.
What is the slowest but most effective control for acid-base balance?
Kidneys
Which of the following is essential in order to maintain serum pH within normal range?
The ratio of carbonic acid to bicarbonate ion must be:
1:20
Which is the effect on the body of abnormally slow respirations?
Increased carbonic acid
Which condition is likely to cause metabolic acidosis?
Prolonged diarrhea
What is the effect on blood serum when excessive lactic acid accumulates in the body?
Bicarbonate ion levels decrease
The direct effects of acidosis are manifested primarily in the functioning of the:
Nervous system
Compensation mechanisms in the body for dehydration would include: increased
increased antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
Which acid-base imbalance results from impaired expiration due to emphysema?
Respiratory acidosis
Strenuous physical exercise on a hot day is likely to result in:
hypovolemia.
Prolonged diarrhea results in loss of fluid and bicarbonate ions, leading to:
metabolic acidosis.
In the initial stage, vomiting results in:
metabolic alkalosis.
Which two ions are most important for acid-base balance in the body?
Cl– and HCO3–
The bicarbonate-carbonic acid buffer system helps maintain serum pH. The balance of the carbonic acid and bicarbonate ion levels are controlled by the:
lungs and kidneys.
Alkalosis increases irritability and spontaneous stimulation of nerves by:
increasing the permeability of nerve membranes.
Hypocalcemia causes weak cardiac contractions because:
insufficient calcium ions are available for muscle contraction.
Serum potassium levels are affected by:
1. ADH.
2. aldosterone.
3. serum H+ levels.
4. insulin levels.
- aldosterone.
- serum H+ levels.
- insulin levels.
Which is the primary control of serum Na+ levels?
Aldosterone
The control center for thirst is located in the:
hypothalamus.
What are the three mechanisms that control or compensate for serum pH?
Buffer pairs in blood
change in kidney excretion rate
change in respiration rate
Hypokalemia refers to a condition in which the serum has a very low level of which ion?
Potassium
Increased milk and/or antacid intake can contribute to development of “milk-alkali syndrome,” which can cause Hyper:?
Hypercalcemia
