GI Quiz Flashcards
When highly acidic chyme enters the duodenum, which hormone stimulates the release of pancreatic secretions that contains very high bicarbonate ion content?
Secretin
In which structure is oxygenated blood (arterial) mixed with unoxygenated blood (venous) so as to support the functions of the structure?
Liver
Which process is likely to occur in the body immediately after a meal?
Glycogenesis
Normally, proteins or amino acids are required to produce all of the following EXCEPT:
peptide hormones.
clotting factors and antibodies.
cellular energy.
hemoglobin.
cellular energy.
The early stage of vomiting causes:
metabolic alkalosis.
Small, hidden amounts of blood in stool are referred to as:
occult blood.
What is the definition of dysphagia?
Difficulty in swallowing
Oral candidiasis is considered to be:
an ____________ __________ infection of the mouth.
an opportunistic fungal infection of the mouth.
What does the term periodontitis refer to?
____________ damage to the ________ and surrounding _______________
Bacterial damage to the teeth and surrounding alveolar bone
What is a common sign of acute gastritis?
Vomiting and anorexia
What is a common cause of gastroenteritis due to Salmonella?
Raw or undercooked poultry or eggs
Prolonged or severe stress predisposes to peptic ulcer disease because:
of ______________________ to the ______________ and mucous glands.
of reduced blood flow to the gastric wall and mucous glands.
A perforated gastric ulcer likely would cause:
Chemical peritonitis
Following gastric resection, the onset of nausea, cramps, and dizziness immediately after meals indicates:
a large volume of _________ has entered the ___________ , causing ___________.
a large volume of chyme has entered the intestines, causing distention.
What is the major effect when a gallstone obstructs the cystic duct?
Severe colicky pain in ________________
Severe colicky pain in upper right quadrant
During the course of a hepatitis B infection, the onset of jaundice occurs in the:
icteric stage.
In patients with cirrhosis, serum ammonia may increase when:
____________ occurs in the digestive tract.
bleeding occurs in the digestive tract.
What causes massive inflammation and necrosis in acute pancreatitis?
_______________ of _________ by pancreatic ____________
Autodigestion of tissue by pancreatic enzymes
How may a fistula form with Crohn’s disease?
Recurrent _____________, necrosis, and fibrosis, forming a connection between ____________________
Recurrent inflammation, necrosis, and fibrosis, forming a connection between intestinal loops
What usually initiates acute appendicitis?
_____________ of the ________ of the appendix
Obstruction of the lumen of the appendix
How does a volvulus cause localized gangrene in the intestine?
The ___________________ are compressed in the __________ section of intestine.
The mesenteric arteries are compressed in the twisted section of intestine.
What would be the likely outcome from chemical peritonitis related to a perforated gallbladder?
__________ of intestinal ___________ into blood and the peritoneal cavity
Leakage of intestinal bacteria into blood and the peritoneal cavity
Bile pigment gallstones are more common in individuals dealing with:
alcoholic cirrhosis.
Which of the following is NOT usually present during the icteric stage of viral hepatitis?
Hepatomegaly
Elevated serum liver enzymes
Esophageal varices
Lighter-colored stools
Esophageal varices
Which type(s) of hepatitis increase(s) the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma?
HBV and HCV
When a portion of the proximal stomach and the paraesophageal junction move above the diaphragm, this is called a:
sliding hernia.
The telescoping of one section of bowel inside another section is called:
intussusceptions.
How does serum bilirubin change with cirrhosis?
increased conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin
Steatorrhea is:
bulky, fatty, foul smelling stools
A typical early sign of cancer in the ascending colon is:
occult blood in stool
