Respiratory Pt.3 Flashcards
What is the major function of the respiratory system?
To supply the body with oxygen and dispose of carbon dioxide.
List the four processes that must occur for the respiratory system to function.
- Pulmonary ventilation
- External respiration
- Transport of respiratory gases
- Internal respiration
What occurs during pulmonary ventilation?
Air is moved in and out of the lungs so the gases are continuously refreshed.
Define external respiration.
Oxygen diffuses from the lungs to the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood to the lungs.
What is internal respiration?
Exchange of O2 and CO2 between blood plasma and body tissue cells.
What are the partial pressure differences during internal respiration?
- In capillary blood (arterial) P02 = 100mmHg
- In tissue cells P02 < 40mmHg
- In capillary blood (venous) PCO2 = 45mmHg
- In tissue cells PCO2 > 45mmHg
What is the overview equation for cellular aerobic respiration?
C6H12O6 + O2 = CO2 + H2O + ATP + heat
How is oxygen transported in the blood?
- 1.5% dissolved in plasma
- 98.5% bound to hemoglobin
What happens when O2 binds to HHb?
It causes the protein to change shape and increases the affinity of Hb for O2.
Under normal resting conditions, what is the arterial blood hemoglobin saturation?
98% saturated at PO2 = 100 mmHg.
What factors affect the oxygen carrying capacity of blood?
- PO2
- Temperature
- pH
- PCO2
- Concentration of BPG
True or False: An increase in temperature, PCO2, H+, or BPG levels in blood enhances oxygen unloading from the blood.
True.
What is the Bohr effect?
Hb’s binding affinity for O2 is inversely related to the concentrations of H+ and CO2.
How does CO2 transport occur in the blood?
- Plasma: 7-10%
- Hemoglobin: 20%
- Bicarbonate ions: 70%
What is the Haldane effect?
Deoxygenation of the blood increases its ability to carry CO2.
What is the role of the medulla in neural control of breathing?
Controls basic rhythm and rate of breathing.
What is the normal breathing rhythm called?
Eupnea.
What are the common respiratory problems mentioned?
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
- Emphysema
- Chronic Bronchitis
- Asthma
- Lung Cancer
- Tuberculosis
What is the primary cause of lung cancer?
Smoking, which accounts for 90% of cases.
Fill in the blank: The enzyme __________ facilitates the fast reaction of CO2 with water in RBCs.
Carbonic anhydrase.
What are the three common types of lung cancer?
- Non-small cell carcinoma
- Adenocarcinoma
- Small cell carcinoma
