Respiratory Pt. 1 Flashcards
What is the major function of the respiratory system?
To supply the body with oxygen and dispose of carbon dioxide.
What are the four processes that must occur for respiration?
- Pulmonary ventilation
- External respiration
- Transport of respiratory gases
- Internal respiration
Define pulmonary ventilation.
Air is moved in and out of the lungs so the gases are continuously refreshed.
What occurs during external respiration?
Oxygen diffuses from the lungs to the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood to the lungs.
What is the role of the respiratory zone?
All structures relating to gas exchange between air and blood; from respiratory bronchioles to alveoli.
What is the function of the conducting zone?
Cleanses, warms, and humidifies the incoming air.
List the functions of the nose.
- Warm, humidify, and filter air
- Resonating chamber for speech
- Contains olfactory receptors (smell)
What are the nasal conchae?
Mucosa-covered scroll-like structures that increase surface area and create air turbulence.
What type of epithelium lines the olfactory mucosa?
Olfactory epithelium.
What type of mucosa lines most of the nasal cavity?
Respiratory mucosa.
What are the functions of the paranasal sinuses?
- Help to lighten the skull
- Warm and moisten the inhaled air
What is the pharynx?
The throat that connects the mouth and nasal cavity to the larynx and esophagus.
What type of epithelium lines the nasopharynx?
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.
What are the palatine and lingual tonsils?
Tonsils located in the oropharynx that help trap and destroy pathogens.
What is the larynx responsible for?
Connection between laryngopharynx and trachea; controls flow of food and air; voice production.
What is the largest cartilage in the larynx?
Thyroid cartilage.
What is the epiglottis?
Elastic cartilage covered by mucosa that flaps over the larynx to control what enters the trachea.
What are the three layers of the tracheal walls?
- Mucosa
- Submucosa
- Adventitia
What is the bronchial tree?
The branching system of respiratory passages that includes primary, secondary, and tertiary bronchi.
What changes occur in the epithelium as bronchi become smaller?
Changes from pseudostratified columnar to simple columnar to simple cuboidal.
What is the role of type I alveolar cells?
Comprise the walls of the alveoli, facilitating gas exchange.
What substance do type II alveolar cells secrete?
Surfactant.
What does the respiratory membrane consist of?
Capillary and alveolar walls along with their fused basement membrane.
What is the apex of the lung?
The narrow tip of the lung.
How many lobes does the right lung have?
Three lobes.
What is the hilus of the lung?
Indentation in medial side of lung where bronchi, pulmonary artery, and pulmonary veins enter and exit.
What are the two circulations that perfuse the lungs?
- Pulmonary circulation
- Bronchial circulation
What is pleurisy?
Inflammation of the pleurae, often resulting from pneumonia.
What is the function of pleural fluid?
Allows the lungs to move easily over the thorax wall during breathing.
True or False: The visceral pleura covers the thoracic wall.
False.
