Ch 19-1 The Cardiovascular System Flashcards
What is the purpose of the cardiovascular system?
Transport blood throughout the body
What are the main components of the cardiovascular system?
- Heart
- Blood Vessels (Veins, Arteries)
What is the apex of the heart?
Inferior point of the heart that points to the left side of the body
What is the base of the heart?
Top, flattish part of the heart
What is the approximate weight of the heart?
250g (~2/3 lb)
Where is the heart located?
In the medial cavity of the thorax: mediastinum
What is the pericardium?
A double-walled sac enclosing the heart
What are the two layers of the serous pericardium?
- Parietal pericardium
- Visceral pericardium (Epicardium)
What is the function of the fibrous pericardium?
Protection, anchoring, prevents heart overfilling with blood
What is the epicardium?
Visceral layer of the serous pericardium
What is the myocardium?
Middle layer, actual contracting cardiac muscle that makes up most of the heart mass
What is the endocardium?
Thin layer of simple, squamous endothelium on the inside of the heart in the chambers and valves
How many chambers does the heart have?
Four chambers: 2 atria, 2 ventricles
What are the functions of the atria?
Receiving chambers for blood returning to the heart
What are the main functions of the ventricles?
Pushing blood to the lungs and body
What are the two main types of heart valves?
- Atrioventricular valves (AV)
- Semilunar valves (SV)
What does the tricuspid valve regulate?
Blood flow between the right atrium and right ventricle
What is the function of the pulmonary valve?
Controls blood flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary arteries
What does the mitral valve allow?
Oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to pass from the left atrium into the left ventricle
What does the aortic valve do?
Lets oxygen-rich blood pass from the left ventricle into the aorta
Fill in the blank: The right AV valve is also known as the _______.
tricuspid
Fill in the blank: The left AV valve is also known as the _______.
mitral or bicuspid
What is the function of chordae tendineae?
They hold AV valves to papillary muscles in ventricles
What is the pulmonary circuit?
Vessels carrying blood to and from lungs; right ventricle is the pulmonary pump
What is the systemic circuit?
Vessels carrying blood to and from the rest of the body; left ventricle is the systemic pump
What is the role of coronary circulation?
Vessels carrying blood to and from heart tissues
What is pericarditis?
Inflammation of the pericardium; can lead to cardiac tamponade
What is angina pectoris?
Temporary blood deficit to the myocardium causing thoracic pain
What is a myocardial infarction?
Prolonged blockage in coronary arteries leading to death of cardiac cells
True or False: The heart tissues require 1/20 of the body’s blood supply.
True
