Ch 19-1 The Cardiovascular System

Question 1

What is the purpose of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 1

Transport blood throughout the body

Question 2

What are the main components of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 2

• Heart
• Blood Vessels (Veins, Arteries)

Question 3

What is the apex of the heart?

Answer 3

Inferior point of the heart that points to the left side of the body

Question 4

What is the base of the heart?

Answer 4

Top, flattish part of the heart

Question 5

What is the approximate weight of the heart?

Answer 5

250g (~2/3 lb)

Question 6

Where is the heart located?

Answer 6

In the medial cavity of the thorax: mediastinum

Question 7

What is the pericardium?

Answer 7

A double-walled sac enclosing the heart

Question 8

What are the two layers of the serous pericardium?

Answer 8

• Parietal pericardium
• Visceral pericardium (Epicardium)

Question 9

What is the function of the fibrous pericardium?

Answer 9

Protection, anchoring, prevents heart overfilling with blood

Question 10

What is the epicardium?

Answer 10

Visceral layer of the serous pericardium

Question 11

What is the myocardium?

Answer 11

Middle layer, actual contracting cardiac muscle that makes up most of the heart mass

Question 12

What is the endocardium?

Answer 12

Thin layer of simple, squamous endothelium on the inside of the heart in the chambers and valves

Question 13

How many chambers does the heart have?

Answer 13

Four chambers: 2 atria, 2 ventricles

Question 14

What are the functions of the atria?

Answer 14

Receiving chambers for blood returning to the heart

Question 15

What are the main functions of the ventricles?

Answer 15

Pushing blood to the lungs and body

Question 16

What are the two main types of heart valves?

Answer 16

• Atrioventricular valves (AV)
• Semilunar valves (SV)

Question 17

What does the tricuspid valve regulate?

Answer 17

Blood flow between the right atrium and right ventricle

Question 18

What is the function of the pulmonary valve?

Answer 18

Controls blood flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary arteries

Question 19

What does the mitral valve allow?

Answer 19

Oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to pass from the left atrium into the left ventricle

Question 20

What does the aortic valve do?

Answer 20

Lets oxygen-rich blood pass from the left ventricle into the aorta

Question 21

Fill in the blank: The right AV valve is also known as the _______.

Answer 21

tricuspid

Question 22

Fill in the blank: The left AV valve is also known as the _______.

Answer 22

mitral or bicuspid

Question 23

What is the function of chordae tendineae?

Answer 23

They hold AV valves to papillary muscles in ventricles

Question 24

What is the pulmonary circuit?

Answer 24

Vessels carrying blood to and from lungs; right ventricle is the pulmonary pump

Question 25

What is the systemic circuit?

Answer 25

Vessels carrying blood to and from the rest of the body; left ventricle is the systemic pump

Question 26

What is the role of coronary circulation?

Answer 26

Vessels carrying blood to and from heart tissues

Question 27

What is pericarditis?

Answer 27

Inflammation of the pericardium; can lead to cardiac tamponade

Question 28

What is angina pectoris?

Answer 28

Temporary blood deficit to the myocardium causing thoracic pain

Question 29

What is a myocardial infarction?

Answer 29

Prolonged blockage in coronary arteries leading to death of cardiac cells

Question 30

True or False: The heart tissues require 1/20 of the body’s blood supply.

Answer 30

True