Respiratory Physiology Flashcards
4 Symptoms of CF
Persistent productive cough
Airway colonization by pathogens (S aureus, Pseudomonas)
Abnormalities in chest X-ray
Airway obstruction
4 General treatments for CF
Aerosol treatment to loosen congestion in the lungs
Antibiotics for infections
Anti-inflammatory drugs
Chest physiotherapy
CFTR gene stands for…
Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator gene
What are the defects from Class 1-6 mutations?
- No synthesis of protein
- No maturation of protein
- Defective regulation
- Decreased conductance
- Decreased abundance
- Defective regulation
The combination of which 2 drugs is used to treat CF?
Kalydeco (potentiator - helps the channel work better)
Lumacaftor (helps protein folding so it can travel to the Golgi)
CFTR is a ___ channel and regulates what 3 other things
Cl channel Regulates ENaC (sodium channel), K channels, and the HCO3-/Cl exchanger Also permeable to small molecules like glutathione and bicarb
Functions of resp system
Provide oxygen and remove CO2 Regulate pH Phonation Defend against microbes Influence arterial concentration of chemicals by removing some from pulmonary blood and adding others Trap and dissolve blood clots
4 major functions of the respiratory epithelium
Physical barrier
Antimicrobial function
Regulatory function
Pro-inflammatory function
4 types of cells in large airways
Ciliated
Undifferentiated columnar
Secretory
Basal
4 types of cells in small airways
Ciliated
Undifferentiated columnar
Clara
Basal
Airway surface liquid plays an important role in… (3)
Airway hydration
Innate immunity
Antimicrobial defense
2 layers of the ASL
Pericilia layer
Mucus layer
ASL contains
Ions Glycoproteins (mucins) Proteins involved in airway defence Water Electrolytes
2 types of submucosal glands
Serous
Mucus
What two neuropeptides stimulate submucosal glands
Acetylcholine
VIP
Intrinsic neural network
Parasympathetic NS
Innervate SM glands
Housekeeping control of low rate gland secretion
Primarily VIP mediated and CFTR dependent
Involves mostly the intrinsic neuronal network
Emergency control of high rate of gland secretion
Primarily ACh mediated and CFTR independent
Involves the vagal and central neuronal network
Physical defence mechanisms in the upper conducting zone
Turbulent air flow
Coughing
Cilia beating
Epithelial cells shedding
Chemical defence mechanisms in the upper conducting zone
Mucus
NO
Increased viscosity
Cellular defence mechanisms in the upper conducting zone
Phagocytosis by macrophages
2 functions of surfactant
Helps opsonization of micro organisms and antigens
Prevents alveoli from collapsing
Surfactant is mostly made up of what phospholipid
Dipalmitoyl phosphatidlycholine
VIP function
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide
Suppression of airway inflammation and airway hyper reactivity
