GI 2 Flashcards
3 salivary glands
Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual
3 main components of saliva
Electrolytes
Proteins
Water
Which two types of cells in the stomach are under vagal control?
Parietal
G cells
3 ways the stomach protects against self-digestion
- Bicarb rich mucus layer
- Tight junctions between cells
- Luminal membrane of cells is impermeable to protons
2 locations of peptic ulcers
Duodenum
Stomach
2 general functions of the digestive pancreas
Production and secretion of digestive enzymes
Neutralization of acidic chyme
How is trypsinogen activated?
By membrane bound enterokinase on the epithelial cells
What do 1. Carbs 2. Proteins 3. Lipids need to be broken down into before they can be absorbed?
- Monosaccharides
- Tri-di-peptides and amino acids
- Monoglycerides and fatty acids
How is glucose or galactose transported?
SGLT1
Symporter that takes up glucose and galactose against its concentration gradient by coupling to Na
How is fructose transported?
GLUT5
Protein digestion begins in the stomach with what enzyme?
Pepsin
How are di and tripeptides taken across the brush border membrane?
PepT1
Along with H+
4 classes of drugs transported by PepT1
Penicillins
Cephalosporins
ACE inhibitors
Antivirals
How can you use PepT1 to improve drug bioavaliability?
Design the drug to mimic a polypeptide
Ex: valganciclovir is a prodrug for ganciclovir
3 main roles of the liver
Secretes bile
Processes nutrients
Removes waste from the bod
