GI Tutorial 3 Flashcards
Fasting and post prandial normal glucose levels
Fasting 5-6 mmol/L
PP: 10-12 mmol/L
Types of diabetes
Type 1
Type 2
Gestational
(Alzheimers type 3?)
Insulin causes a plasma decrease in which 4 things?
Glucose
Fatty acids
Ketones
Amino acids
Symptoms of T1D
Hyperglycemia Polydypsia Polyuria Polyphagia Ketosis, acidosis
What is HbA1C and its significance?
Glycosylated hemoglobin
RBC combined with extra glucose
Good measure of possible diabetes
Gives you an average of the blood glucose levels in the past 3 months (better than just at a certain point in time)
Why do you get ketosis?
Because the cells arent getting enough glucose so you have to use ketone bodies
From intermediates of the krebs cycle
What is the problem with ketone bodies?
Acidosis
Protons are released into the blood
Can smell acetone on your breath
What is the glucose transporter in the kidneys?
SGLT2
OGTT
Oral glucose tolerance test
Fast overnight, drink sugar solution, measure glucose levels over 2 hours
Type 1 diabetes
Destruction of the beta cells
No insulin
Autoimmune disease
Type 2 diabetes
Insulin resistance
What is the major risk for insulin injections?
Hypoglycemia
Problems with islet cell transplants
Antibodies still attack them, so back to diabetes in a couple months
Takes 2 cadavers to get enough islets
What glucose transporter is on the
- Liver
- Muscle
- Fat
- GLUT 2 (glucose gets in, but no glycogen synthesis without insulin)
- GLUT 4
- GLUT 4
GLUT 2
Not insulin dependent
Transports glucose into the cells
