CV 11

Question 1

If you have a 3rd heart sound, what is it from?

Answer 1

When the mitral valve opens and blood can flow from LA to LV
Hear it when there is turbulence
Because of a greater flow of blood entering due to a backup

Question 2

40% or less ejection fraction means what?

Answer 2

Systolic heart failure

Question 3

Ejection failure

Answer 3

Systolic failure
Increase ESV
Ventricles cannot generate sufficient ejection force
Low SV
Ejection fraction <50%
Floppy heart
Blood can back up into the pulmonary circulation and cause pulmonary edema

Question 4

Filling failure

Answer 4

Diastolic failure
Decrease EDV
Ventricles cannot fill sufficiently
Low SV
Ejection fraction is normal
Stiff heart

Question 5

Short term regulation of BP is controlled by…

Answer 5

The baroreceptor reflex

BP monitored by arterial baroreceptors, signals to medullary CV center, effects to heart, arterioles, and veins

Question 6

Long term regulation of blood pressure is controlled by…

Answer 6

Kidneys (change volume by adjusting excretion)

Drinking/IV (change volume by adding fluid)

Question 7

Increasing arterial BP (increases/decreases) afferent nerve signalling to the brain

Answer 7

Increases

Question 8

Which part of the medulla activates parasympathetic or sympathetic innervation to the heart?

Answer 8

Nucleus tractus solitarius

Question 9

Response to arterial underfilling includes… (2)

Answer 9

1. Rapid hemodynamic response (changes in PVR or CO)

2. Slower renal response (renal Na and water retention)