Respiratory physiology

Question 1

what is the normal pH range?

Answer 1

7.38-7.42

Question 2

what is the normal range for PCO2?

Answer 2

37-43 mmHg

Question 3

what is the normal range for PO2?

Answer 3

above 90 mmHg at sea level

Question 4

what is the normal range for O2 sat?

Answer 4

> 97%

Question 5

what is the alveolar ventilation equation

Answer 5

alveolar ventilation= (0.863)(VCO2/ PACO2)

note: the VCO2 is input as mL, but the answer is in L because of the conversion factor

Question 6

what is VCO2 normally?

Answer 6

200 mL

Question 7

what is VO2 (ventilation rate of oxygen) normally?

Answer 7

250 mL

Question 8

which muscles help with deep inspiration, the internal intercostals of the external intercostals?

Answer 8

external intercostals

Question 9

what are 5 factors that cause a rightward shift of the O2-hemoglobin dissociation curve?

Answer 9

(remember, rightward shift=lower binding affinity for O2)

1. CO2
2. Acid
3. 2,3-DPG
4. Exercise
5. Temperature

mnemonic: CADET, face right
note: these factors are related by the uniting theme of increased metabolic rate. During exercise more CO2 and lactic acid are produced and the body temperature rises