Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

pharmacology > respiratory - patho > Flashcards

respiratory - patho Flashcards

1
Q

cellular respiration
- what do respirations have to do with it

A

gas exchange that occurs at the alveoli
- respirations: where gas exchange is occurring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

ventilation
- what system is this controlled by?

A

movement of air in and out of the lungs
- controlled by the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what does the diaphragm look like at rest

A

upside down U, inc pressure to blow air out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what does the diaphragm look like while breathing in

A

flattened, dec pressure so that air can come in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the 3 phases of respiration and explain each

A
  1. ventilation: ability to move air in and out of the lungs
  2. perfusion: ability to oxygenate tissue thru blood flow
  3. diffusion: movement of molecules; gas exchange (high to low concentration)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

explain lung compliance and what 2 factors influence it

A

how “stiff” are the lungs; how good is the ability for the lungs to expand

influenced by:
1. connective tissue (bronchioles)
2. surface tensions (surfactant)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

why should we not give an asthmatic pt a cholinergic drug

A

it will constrict the bronchioles and make it harder for the pt to breathe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are some diseases of the lower airways

A

acute bronchitis, asthma, COPD, PNA, cystic fibrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the 3 parts of COPD

A

chronic bronchitis, emphysema, repeated severe asthma attacks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is cystic fibrosis
- what population is this prevalent in

A

scarring of lung tissue = extensive damage prevents the lung from expanding
- pediatric disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

explain the patho of asthma

A

response to a trigger –> airway hyper-responsiveness –> inflammation and constriction –> mast cell rupture = release inflammatory cells = severe b.constriction = airway obstruction and b.spasms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

chronic inflammation can lead to ___

A

COPD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how to treat intermittent asthma
- daytime symptoms
- night time symptoms

A

day: 2x/week or less
night: 1-2x/month or less

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how to treat mild persistent asthma
- daytime symptoms
- night time symptoms

A

day: 3-4x/week
night: 2-4x/month

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how to treat moderate persistent asthma
- day symptoms
- night symptoms

A

AT THIS POINT, SEND TO ER
day: >4x/week or daily
night: 4x/month or more

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how to treat severe persistent asthma
- day symptoms
- night symptoms

A

day: continuous
night: frequent

17
Q

factors that can exacerbate asthma

A

tobacco smoke, wood smoke, household sprays, exercise

18
Q

nursing int for acute severe asthma exacerbation

A
  1. O2 = promote flow
  2. systemic glucocorticoid
  3. high dose IV push SABA
  4. nebulized ipratropium
19
Q

what drugs are recommended for prophylaxis of exercise induced asthma

A

SABA + cromolyn sodium

20
Q

which factor of COPD predominates

A

chronic bronchitis

21
Q

a pt must have _____ and _____ to be considered having COPD

A

chronic bronchitis and emphysema

22
Q

cause of COPD and S/S

A

smoking
S/S: chronic cough, excessive sputum, wheeze, dyspnea, poor exercise tolerance

23
Q

explain the patho of COPD

A

inflammation + edema + fibrosis = irreversible damage
hypertrophy of submucosal glands = paralysis of cilia
loss of lung fiber elasticity = destruction of alveolar tissue

24
Q

what will the chest of a pt with COPD look like

A

barrel chest

25
Q

should a pt take an anti-inflammatory or bronchodilator first and why

A

bronchodilator first = open up bronchioles is priority –> then give anti-inflammatory (now more open = better reach for anti-inflammatory_

26
Q

how many min to wait between bronchodilator and anti-inflammatory

A

3-4 min

27
Q

pt education for any inhaled corticosteroids

A

good oral hygiene = prevent thrush / rinse mouth after each admin

cannot abruptly discontinue

28
Q

advantages of inhalation drug therapy

A
  • enhanced therapeutic effects
  • minimized systemic effects
  • relief of acute attacks
29
Q

explain each type of inhalation device
- metered dose inhalers (MDI)
- respimats
- dry powder inhalers (DPI)
- nebulizer

A

MDI: think albuterol inhaler; PSI can be irritating to throat
- shake before use, hard for ppl with dexterity issues

respimats: similar to nebulizer mist, not as irritating to throat (mini neb lmao)

DPI: think advair

nebulizer: misted, heated, gets medication in deeper

30
Q

time between:
- puffs with same inhaler
- puffs for different inhalers

A

same inhaler: 30sec-1min
diff inhalers: 2-5min

31
Q

what are spacers

A

make it easier for med to reach lungs; helps inc distribution to lungs rather than mouth or throat

pharmacology (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions