cns part 2 patho

Question 1

t/f: seizures are more of a symptom than a diagnosis

Answer 1

true

Question 2

what can happen if antiseizure drugs don’t cross the BBB

Answer 2

redirect to other electrical site = the heart + affect heart rhythms

Question 3

action potentials are initiated by

Answer 3

influx of Na, K, Ca

Question 4

glutamate

Answer 4

T for excitation

Question 5

GABA

Answer 5

T for inducing sleep

Question 6

levels of glutamate and GABA during seizure?

Answer 6

glutamate: high
GABA: low

Question 7

partial seizure (consciousness?)

Answer 7

one part of the brain hemisphere
- may/may not have loss of consciousness

Question 8

simple partial seizure

Answer 8

no loss of consciousness, memory preserved
- hallucinations
- auras
- ringing in ears

Question 9

complex partial seizure

Answer 9

loss of consciousness, may/may not have memory

Question 10

generalized seizure

Answer 10

entire brain has electrical problem

Question 11

absent seizures (petit mal)
-Peds?
-duration?

Answer 11

no tremors, no jerkiness, no memory (pt is absent)
- Peds: eyelids twitch + flutter
- lasts for 2 seconds or longer

Question 12

tonic clonic seizures (grand mal)
- duration
- nursing priority

Answer 12

no memory, rigid then convulsions, loss of consciousness
-> can lose control of bladder and bowel
-if longer than 30min = status epilepticus emergency
- nursing priority = keep pt safe as possible

Question 13

status epilepticus

Answer 13

med emergency when tonic clonic seizures last longer than 30min

Question 14

unclassified seizure

Answer 14

febrile induced or septic induced

Question 15

what does it mean when a pt has septic induced seizure?

Answer 15

sepsis reached that CNS

Question 16

goals of seizure tx

Answer 16

allow pt to live as normal as possible with acceptable side effects
- most will be on seizure meds the rest of their lives

Question 17

t/f: toxic AND subtherapeutic levels will both be bad for seizure meds

Answer 17

true

Question 18

lots of electrical impulse changes –> nurses need to monitor for

Answer 18

depression and anxiety

Question 19

stage 1 of sleep

Answer 19

light sleep, slow muscle twitch

Question 20

stage 2 of sleep

Answer 20

HR + RR slow, decreased temp

Question 21

stage 3 of sleep

Answer 21

deep sleep, brain = slow delta waves

Question 22

stage 4 of sleep

Answer 22

very deep sleep, rhythmic breathing, delta waves

Question 23

stage 5 of sleep

Answer 23

REM sleep, brainwaves faster, dreams, RR rapid and shallow

Question 24

narcolepsy

Answer 24

disorder where indiv falls asleep at inappropriate times

Question 25

sleep apnea

Answer 25

cessation of breathing

Question 26

night terrors are most common in

Answer 26

pediatric pts

Question 27

secondary insomnia

Answer 27

insomnia due to another factor
- drugs
- medical disorders
- poor sleep hygiene
- stressful situations

Question 28

sedative vs hypnotic

Answer 28

sedative: moderates activity + excitement, induce calm, NO SLEEP
hypnotic: drowsiness, ONSET OF SLEEP