cns part 2 patho Flashcards
t/f: seizures are more of a symptom than a diagnosis
true
what can happen if antiseizure drugs don’t cross the BBB
redirect to other electrical site = the heart + affect heart rhythms
action potentials are initiated by
influx of Na, K, Ca
glutamate
T for excitation
GABA
T for inducing sleep
levels of glutamate and GABA during seizure?
glutamate: high
GABA: low
partial seizure (consciousness?)
one part of the brain hemisphere
- may/may not have loss of consciousness
simple partial seizure
no loss of consciousness, memory preserved
- hallucinations
- auras
- ringing in ears
complex partial seizure
loss of consciousness, may/may not have memory
generalized seizure
entire brain has electrical problem
absent seizures (petit mal)
-Peds?
-duration?
no tremors, no jerkiness, no memory (pt is absent)
- Peds: eyelids twitch + flutter
- lasts for 2 seconds or longer
tonic clonic seizures (grand mal)
- duration
- nursing priority
no memory, rigid then convulsions, loss of consciousness
-> can lose control of bladder and bowel
-if longer than 30min = status epilepticus emergency
- nursing priority = keep pt safe as possible
status epilepticus
med emergency when tonic clonic seizures last longer than 30min
unclassified seizure
febrile induced or septic induced
what does it mean when a pt has septic induced seizure?
sepsis reached that CNS
goals of seizure tx
allow pt to live as normal as possible with acceptable side effects
- most will be on seizure meds the rest of their lives
t/f: toxic AND subtherapeutic levels will both be bad for seizure meds
true
lots of electrical impulse changes –> nurses need to monitor for
depression and anxiety
stage 1 of sleep
light sleep, slow muscle twitch
stage 2 of sleep
HR + RR slow, decreased temp
stage 3 of sleep
deep sleep, brain = slow delta waves
stage 4 of sleep
very deep sleep, rhythmic breathing, delta waves
stage 5 of sleep
REM sleep, brainwaves faster, dreams, RR rapid and shallow
narcolepsy
disorder where indiv falls asleep at inappropriate times
sleep apnea
cessation of breathing
night terrors are most common in
pediatric pts
secondary insomnia
insomnia due to another factor
- drugs
- medical disorders
- poor sleep hygiene
- stressful situations
sedative vs hypnotic
sedative: moderates activity + excitement, induce calm, NO SLEEP
hypnotic: drowsiness, ONSET OF SLEEP
