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PHAR 123 > Respiratory Module > Flashcards

Respiratory Module Flashcards

1
Q

Obstructive lung disease is characterized by

A

A low FEV1/FCV and normal FVC

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2
Q

What are the polmonary vessles responsible for?

A

Gas exchange

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3
Q

What are the bronchial vessels used for?

A

Oxygenate the lung tissue

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4
Q

External Respiration

A

Exchange of gases between blood and external environment

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5
Q

Internal Respiration

A

Exchange of gases between blood and cells

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6
Q

Type 1 respiratory failure

A

is the inability of lungs to perform adequate gas exchange

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7
Q

Type 2 respiratory failure

A

It occurs when breathing is not sufficient to rid the body of CO2

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8
Q

Arterial blood gases are used to determine

A

acid-base balance, which helps determine causes of respiratory issues

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9
Q

lamellar bodies are responsible for?

A

surfactant secretion

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10
Q

What is the Normal partial pressure oxygen (paO2) gradient in Alveolar and deoxygenated blood?

A

Alveolar space = 100 mmHg
Deoxygenated blood = 40 mmHg

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11
Q

What is the Normal partial pressure carbon dioxide (paCO2) gradient in Alveolar and deoxygenated blood?

A
  • Alveolar space = 40mmHg
  • Deoxygenated blood = 45 mmHg
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12
Q

Eupnea Define

A

Normal Breathing

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13
Q

Apnea Define

A

Stop Breathing

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14
Q

Dyspnea

A

Shortness of breath

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15
Q

Tachypnea

A

Rapid breaths

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16
Q

Costal breathing

A

Forced inhalation

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17
Q

What is hypoxemia?

A
  • Oxygen saturation falls <90%
  • CO2 levels remain normal or can be low
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18
Q

What is Hypercapnia?

A

Too much CO2

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19
Q

Will hypoventilation increase of decrease ph?

A

hypoventilation induces hypercapnia leading to respiratory acidosis meaning an increase in Blood CO2 levels (increased CO2) Hence an decrease in pH

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20
Q

Will hyperventilation increase of decrease ph?

A

We will increased Ph levels due to decreased CO2 expulsion.

21
Q

What is the definition of respiratory acidosis

A

Low Ph, Normal HCO3, PaCO2 increased, (Will cause a release of bicarb into blood)

22
Q

What is the definition of respiratory alkylosis

A

Increase Ph, normal HC03, Decrease PaCO2 (Will cause a retention of bicarb in kidney

23
Q

What is metabolic acidosis?

A

Decreased pH, Decrease HCO3, normal paCO2, (Lungs will release CO2)

24
Q

what is Metabolic alkalosis?

A

Increase pH, Increase HCO3, normal paCO2 (Lungs will retain CO2)

25
What is Spirometry
A spirometer objectively assesses an individual’s pulmonary performance
26
What is Peak-flow meter?
Utilized in people with asthma
27
What is Tidal volume?
normal inspiration/expiration
28
What is vital capacity>
IRV, TV, ERV combined
29
What will the FEV1/FVC ratio be if obstructed?
low FEV1/FVC, normal FVC
30
What will the FEV1/FVC ratio be if Restrictive?
normal FEV1/FVC ratio, but low FVC
31
If FEV1 increases what does this mean?
Obstruction is present
32
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by
Dyspnea, wheezing, cough
33
Hallmarks of asthma pathology include?
* bronchial hyper-reactivity * bronchial inflammation * Airway obstruction
34
FEV1/FVC for an asthamtic is?
<0.7
35
Emphysema
Refers to airway collapse due to loss of lung recoil caused by alveolar wall destruction
36
What is Elastase
s the main enzyme responsible for proteolysis in the lungs in COPD
37
goblet cells do?
mucous hypersecretion
38
What are the two relievers for Asthma treatment?
SABA and SAMA
39
What are the 4 controllers for asthma?
ICS, LABA, LTRA, Theophylline (Barely used0
40
What are the exacerbations medications use for asthma?
Oral steroids
41
What is the novel therapy for asthma treatment?
Biologics
42
What is the MOA of Short-acting beta-adrenergic agonists
Act promptly to cause bronchial smooth muscle relaxation and bronchodilation “rescue” medication or Binds to ß2 receptors in the lung, causing Hyperpolarization
43
What is the main SABA medication?
Salbutamol
44
Short-acting muscarinic antagonists medications
Ipratropium
45
Short-acting muscarinic antagonists MOA
Ipratropium is a competitive antagonist of endogenous acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors leading to less constriciton
46
What are Inhaled corticosteroids
Commonly used first-line controller medication Activates HAT activating HDAC2 leading to less inflammatory proteins
47
Long-acting beta-adrenergic agonists MOA
Same MOA , just longer
48
Leukotriene receptor antagonist MOA
Montelukast antagonizes Cysteinyl-Leukotriene receptors preventing mucous secretion
49
Theophylline
Rarely used, just know it exists and has alot of side effects

PHAR 123 (11 decks)

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