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PHAR 123 > Respiratory Module > Flashcards

Respiratory Module Flashcards

1
Q

Obstructive lung disease is characterized by

A

A low FEV1/FCV and normal FVC

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2
Q

What are the polmonary vessles responsible for?

A

Gas exchange

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3
Q

What are the bronchial vessels used for?

A

Oxygenate the lung tissue

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4
Q

External Respiration

A

Exchange of gases between blood and external environment

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5
Q

Internal Respiration

A

Exchange of gases between blood and cells

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6
Q

Type 1 respiratory failure

A

is the inability of lungs to perform adequate gas exchange

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7
Q

Type 2 respiratory failure

A

It occurs when breathing is not sufficient to rid the body of CO2

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8
Q

Arterial blood gases are used to determine

A

acid-base balance, which helps determine causes of respiratory issues

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9
Q

lamellar bodies are responsible for?

A

surfactant secretion

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10
Q

What is the Normal partial pressure oxygen (paO2) gradient in Alveolar and deoxygenated blood?

A

Alveolar space = 100 mmHg
Deoxygenated blood = 40 mmHg

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11
Q

What is the Normal partial pressure carbon dioxide (paCO2) gradient in Alveolar and deoxygenated blood?

A
  • Alveolar space = 40mmHg
  • Deoxygenated blood = 45 mmHg
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12
Q

Eupnea Define

A

Normal Breathing

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13
Q

Apnea Define

A

Stop Breathing

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14
Q

Dyspnea

A

Shortness of breath

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15
Q

Tachypnea

A

Rapid breaths

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16
Q

Costal breathing

A

Forced inhalation

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17
Q

What is hypoxemia?

A
  • Oxygen saturation falls <90%
  • CO2 levels remain normal or can be low
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18
Q

What is Hypercapnia?

A

Too much CO2

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19
Q

Will hypoventilation increase of decrease ph?

A

hypoventilation induces hypercapnia leading to respiratory acidosis meaning an increase in Blood CO2 levels (increased CO2) Hence an decrease in pH

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20
Q

Will hyperventilation increase of decrease ph?

A

We will increased Ph levels due to decreased CO2 expulsion.

21
Q

What is the definition of respiratory acidosis

A

Low Ph, Normal HCO3, PaCO2 increased, (Will cause a release of bicarb into blood)

22
Q

What is the definition of respiratory alkylosis

A

Increase Ph, normal HC03, Decrease PaCO2 (Will cause a retention of bicarb in kidney

23
Q

What is metabolic acidosis?

A

Decreased pH, Decrease HCO3, normal paCO2, (Lungs will release CO2)

24
Q

what is Metabolic alkalosis?

A

Increase pH, Increase HCO3, normal paCO2 (Lungs will retain CO2)

25
Q

What is Spirometry

A

A spirometer objectively assesses an individual’s pulmonary performance

26
Q

What is Peak-flow meter?

A

Utilized in people with asthma

27
Q

What is Tidal volume?

A

normal inspiration/expiration

28
Q

What is vital capacity>

A

IRV, TV, ERV combined

29
Q

What will the FEV1/FVC ratio be if obstructed?

A

low FEV1/FVC, normal FVC

30
Q

What will the FEV1/FVC ratio be if Restrictive?

A

normal FEV1/FVC ratio, but low FVC

31
Q

If FEV1 increases what does this mean?

A

Obstruction is present

32
Q

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by

A

Dyspnea, wheezing, cough

33
Q

Hallmarks of asthma pathology include?

A
  • bronchial hyper-reactivity
  • bronchial inflammation
  • Airway obstruction
34
Q

FEV1/FVC for an asthamtic is?

A

<0.7

35
Q

Emphysema

A

Refers to airway collapse due to loss of lung recoil caused by alveolar wall
destruction

36
Q

What is Elastase

A

s the main enzyme responsible for proteolysis in the lungs in COPD

37
Q

goblet cells do?

A

mucous hypersecretion

38
Q

What are the two relievers for Asthma treatment?

A

SABA and SAMA

39
Q

What are the 4 controllers for asthma?

A

ICS, LABA, LTRA, Theophylline (Barely used0

40
Q

What are the exacerbations medications use for asthma?

A

Oral steroids

41
Q

What is the novel therapy for asthma treatment?

A

Biologics

42
Q

What is the MOA of Short-acting beta-adrenergic agonists

A

Act promptly to cause bronchial smooth muscle relaxation and bronchodilation “rescue” medication
or
Binds to ß2 receptors in the lung, causing
Hyperpolarization

43
Q

What is the main SABA medication?

A

Salbutamol

44
Q

Short-acting muscarinic antagonists medications

A

Ipratropium

45
Q

Short-acting muscarinic antagonists MOA

A

Ipratropium is a competitive antagonist of endogenous acetylcholine at
muscarinic receptors leading to less constriciton

46
Q

What are Inhaled corticosteroids

A

Commonly used first-line controller medication

Activates HAT activating HDAC2 leading to less inflammatory proteins

47
Q

Long-acting beta-adrenergic agonists MOA

A

Same MOA , just longer

48
Q

Leukotriene receptor antagonist MOA

A

Montelukast antagonizes Cysteinyl-Leukotriene receptors preventing mucous secretion

49
Q

Theophylline

A

Rarely used, just know it exists and has alot of side effects

PHAR 123 (11 decks)

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