Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PHAR 123 > CNS pathology > Flashcards

CNS pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Neurons are

A

nondividing, postmitotic, permanent cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the Neurons response to injury?

A

The axon and/or cell body may become swollen upon injury. Rapid death results in phagocytosis. Axons may be regenerated.

Start undergoing exitotoxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the Oligodendroglia response to injury?

A

these myelinating cells do not regenerate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the Microglia response to injury?

A

Transform into phagocytic cells once activated by chemotactic factors.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the Astrocytes response to injury?

A

undergo hypertrophy and hyperplasia with just about any brain injury; this reaction is called “gliosis.”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the Ependymal cells responses to injury?

A

these cells line the ventricles and do not regenerate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the main difference with damage to the brain?

A

there is no scarring by fibrosis. Rather, a hole is left. Astrocytes surrounding the damaged area hypertrophy and proliferate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is Global ischemia?

A

not enough oxygen gets to the brain tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is Cerebral Infarction?

A

stroke – this is when a blood vessel bursts or leaks (hemorrhagic) or when it is blocked by a blood clot, atherosclerotic plaque or embolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is Intracerebral hemorrhage

A

bleeding in the brain, such as from a malformed vessel that is weak (aneurysm) or due to trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Ischemic stroke streatment

A

1) Lab work/CT scan

2) tPA of Alteplase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How is t-PA administered?

A

0.9mg/kg max of 90mg
10% Bolus over 1 minute and the remainder is infused over 1 hour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What disqualifies someone from tpa

A

BP >185/110 post injection or clinical worsening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

If someone has an acute stroke and has uncontrolled BP (High) what should be given

A

Labtolol or
Enalapril

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the 2 treatments for hemorrhagic stroke

A
  1. Blood pressure control and supportive care to reduce intracranial pressure
  2. Reduce further risk, e.g. reverse anti-clotting if relevant
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are causes of Intracerebral Hemorrhages

A
  • Common complication of head trauma
  • Rupture of intracerebral vessels
  • Gunshot wounds
  • Nontraumatic forms
    (e.g., stroke)
  • Common in hematologic
17
Q

What are some infections of the CNS?

A

Encephalitis
Myelitis
Cerebral abscess
Meningitis
Neurosyphilis
AIDS-related CNS lesions

18
Q

What is encephalitis?

A

An inflammation of the brain and spinal cord usually caused by viral infection.

19
Q

Types of Encephalitis?

A

infectious encephalitis
post-infectious
autoimmune
chronic

20
Q

What is the difference between infectious encephalitis and
post-infectious

A

infectious encephalitis – the inflammation occurs as a direct result of an infection, which is often viral

post-infectious – the inflammation caused by the immune system reacts to a previous infection or vaccine; this can occur many days, weeks or sometimes months after the initial infection

21
Q

What are complications that may arise due to Encephalitis?

A

Complications of the most severe cases: respiratory arrest, coma and death.

22
Q

What is impaired during ischemia?

A

Autoregulation of cerebral blood flow

23
Q

Why is the treatment of tpa less then 4.5 hours?

A

beyond that excitotoxicity creates extensive neuronal death

24
Q

An epidural hematoma:

A

occurs when blood accumulates between the skull and the dura mater, the thick membrane covering the brain

Can cause brain pressure

25
Q

Which viruses can cause Encephalitis?

A

measles
herpes virus
West Nile virus
mumps

26
Q

The mechanism of action for alteplase is

A

activation of plasminogen to plasmin to dissolve fibrin clots

27
Q

A cerebral aneurysm can

A

cause a focal deficit upon hemorrhage

28
Q

What is excitotoxicity?

A

The release of glutamate and aspartate causes an increase calcium and sodium in the neurons, this causes cell death

29
Q

What is the dosage of t-pa?

A

0.9mg/kg max 90mg

PHAR 123 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions