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CVRH Exam 2 > Respiratory Mechanics > Flashcards

Respiratory Mechanics Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 lung capacities?

A

FRC- functional residual capacity
IC- inspiratory capacity
VC- vital capacity
TLC- total lung capacity

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2
Q

What is FRC?

A

The volume of air left over in the lungs at the end of passive expiration

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3
Q

What is IC?

A

Total volume able to be inhaled (TV+IRV)

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4
Q

What is VC?

A

Total amount of air able to be exhaled after maximum inhalation

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5
Q

What is TLC?

A

The total volume in the lungs at maximal inflation

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6
Q

What is intrapleural pressure?

A

Pressure within the pleural cavity

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7
Q

What is alveolar collapse called?

A

Atelectasis

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8
Q

What muscles life the first two ribs?

A

Scalene

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9
Q

What muscles lift the sternum outward?

A

Sternocleidomastoid

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10
Q

What is quiet expiration done by?

A

Elastic recoil

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11
Q

What muscles cause force expiration?

A

Abdominal, intercostal, neck and back muscles

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12
Q

What disease are expiration muscles important in?

A

Increased airway resistance

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13
Q

Why is alveolar pressure negative during the onset of inspiration?

A

The lungs move with the chest wall outward opening up alveoli causing it to draw air in

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14
Q

What is transpulmonary pressure?

A

Alveolar pressure-intrapleural pressure

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15
Q

Is it harder to inflate or deflate lungs?

A

Inflate

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16
Q

Alveoli configuration in negative pressure breathing?

A

Alveoli closest to the pleural space are larger than internal alveoli

17
Q

Alveoli configuration in positive pressure breathing?

A

Innermost alveoli are more expanded than outermost

18
Q

Is pulmonary fibrosis more or less compliant?

A

Less compliant; harder to inflate

19
Q

Is emphysema more or less compliant?

A

More compliant; harder to deflate

20
Q

How does obesity affect pulmonary compliance?

A

Decreases it

21
Q

What is the basis for most of the lungs elastic recoil?

A

Surface tension at the air-water interface

22
Q

Why do smaller airways have less total resistance?

A

Because they are arranged in parallel

23
Q

Effects of acetylcholine?

A

Act on M3 bronchial SM constriction and increase Raw

24
Q

As lungs empty what happens to Raw?

A

It increases due to smaller pathways

25
Q

What happens to Raw as respiratory frequency increases?

A

It increases

26
Q

What is PEF?

A

Peak expiratory flow

27
Q

How are PEF FEV/FVC affected in restrictive diseases?

A

PEF low

FEV/FVC normal

28
Q

How are PEF FEV/FVC affected in obstructive diseases?

A

PEF FEV/FVC low

29
Q

What is FEV/FVC?

A

Forced expiratory volume (forced out in 1 second)/Forced vital capacity

30
Q

What disease is expected to have a lower FEV/FVC ratio?

A

Obstructive

CVRH Exam 2 (25 decks)

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