Cardiovascular Drugs I and II Flashcards
What is the treatment in subendocardial ischemia?
Reduce myocardial oxygen consumption
What is the treatment in transmural ischemia?
Reduce smooth muscle tone in large coronary arteries
What is true of coronary artery spasms?
They are in arteries with no plaque buildup
What a can subendocardial ischemia cause?
Classic angina (fixed obstruction)
What can a coronary artery spasm cause?
Transmural ischemia
What can subendocardial or transmural ischemia cause?
Unstable angina (acute coronary syndrome)
What is the treatment for unstable angina (acute coronary syndrome)?
Antiplatelet agents/anticoagulants
What are the three classes of drugs for myocardial ischemia?
Organic Nitrates
Beta-Adrenergic Receptor Antagonists
Calcium Entry Blockers
What are three organic nitrates?
Nitroglycerin
Isosorbide dinitrate
Isosorbide mononitrate
What is the common beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist?
Propranolol
What are three calcium entry blockers?
Diltiazem
Nifedipine (DHPs)
Verapamil
What is the action of organic nitrates?
Venodilation; decreases preload and by reflex increases heart rate and contractility
How do beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists work?
Decrease HR and myocardial contractility; increase pre/after loads; decrease myocardial oxygen demands; not coronary artery vasodilators
How do calcium entry blockers work?
Inhibit calcium ion entry through calcium ion channel by slowing recovery of inactivated channels
What inhibits L-type calcium channels?
Diltiazem
Verapamil
