Cardiac Dynamics and Starling's Law

Question 1

What is the formula for stroke volume?

Answer 1

SV= End diastolic volume - End systolic volume

Question 2

Formula for cardiac output?

Answer 2

Stroke volume x heart rate

Question 3

Formula for cardiac index?

Answer 3

CI= Cardiac output/body surface area

Question 4

In a Starling curve what has happened to the heart if it moves up or down a line/curve?

Answer 4

Contractility has changed

Question 5

What determines whether the heart moves up or down on a Starling curve (not up a whole line)?

Answer 5

Preload

Question 6

What is the effect of the sympathetic nervous system on the Starling curve?

Answer 6

It moves it upward but parallel (the preload is not changing)

Question 7

What is contractility?

Answer 7

The hearts ability to contract; an increase would mean an increase in Ca2+ available

Question 8

What shows an increase in contractility?

Answer 8

Slope of the end systolic pressure volume relationship line is increased

Question 9

What is an example of increased contractility?

Answer 9

If preload stayed constant but the ejection fracture increased or end systolic volume was smaller

Question 10

What is chronotropy?

Answer 10

Effect on rate

Question 11

What is ionotropy?

Answer 11

Effect on contractility