Introduction to Vascular Disorders Flashcards
Three layers of vessels?
Tunica intima
Tunica media
Tunica adventitia
What are the two general nonneoplastic vascular diseases?
Narrowing of vessel lumen
Weakening of vessel walls
What is a basal state?
In a healthy state the vessel walls are a non-adhesive, non-thrombogenic surface
What is an activated state?
In a diseased state the vessel walls express procoagulants, adhesion molecules and proinflammatory factors
What is the general response vascular injury?
Intimal thickening
What are three developmental vascular anomalies?
Developmental aneurysms
Arteriovenous fistulas
Fibromuscular dysplasia: Irregular thickening of walls of muscular arteries
What can hypertension cause?
Hyaline arteriosclerosis
What is arteriosclerosis?
Hardening of the arteries
What are the three patterns of arteriosclerosis?
Arteriolosclerosis
Monckeberg medial sclerosis
Atherosclerosis
What is arteriolosclerosis?
Small arteries and arterioles; hyaline and hyperplastic forms
What is Monckeberg medial sclerosis?
Muscular arteries; mural calcification not clinically significant
What is atherosclerosis?
Plaque build up
Atheroma and atheromatous plaques
What is the injury hypothesis for atherosclerosis?
Chronic endothelial injury
Endothelial dysfunction
Macrophage activation
Macrophages and smooth muscle cells engulf lipid
Smooth muscle proliferation/deposition of collagen and lipids
What are the three classifications of aneurysms?
True
False
Dissection
What is a false aneurysm?
A hole in the vessel that allows blood to leave and form a hematoma in the surrounding tissue
