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Peds Exam 2 > Respiratory Infections > Flashcards

Respiratory Infections Flashcards

1
Q

Otitis Media

A
  • Infection of the middle ear
  • Block of eustachian tube
  • Comes after respiratory infection
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2
Q

Otitis Media - CMs

A
  • Fussy
  • Pulling on ear
  • Fevers
  • Don’t want to lay down (supine)
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3
Q

Otitis Media - Therapeutic Management

A
  • Pharm
    > antipyretics: acetaminophen or ibuprofen
    > antibiotics if < 6 months: amoxicillin, amoxicllin-clavulanate, azithromycin, ceftriaxone
    > wait if > 6 months 24-48hrs before meds
  • Surgical
    > Myringotomy: small incision in eardrum for drainage
    > Tympanostomy: tubes
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4
Q

Otitis Media - Nursing Interventions

A
  • No chewing
    > incrs pain
  • Heat/cold for discomfort
  • Educate on med admin
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5
Q

Otitis Media - Prevention

A
  • Upright feedings
  • Up-to-date vaccinations
  • Breastfeed for 6 months
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6
Q

Long-Term Impact of Chronic Ear Infections

A

Hearing loss > Speech problems

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7
Q

What makes children more prone to ear infections

A

Infants and kids have shorter, wider, & straighter eustachian tubes

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8
Q

Tonsilitis - Etiology & Manifs

A
  • Etiology
    > infection/inflammation of the tonsils
    > viral, bacterial, or fungal
    > Strep A (strep throat)
  • Manifestations
    > fever
    > recurrent sore throat
    > enlarged red, white exudate tonsils
    > dysphagia (mouth breather)
    > difficulty swallowing
    > mouth odor, snoring
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9
Q

Tonsilitis - Nursing Interventions

A
  • No milk products
  • No red foods/liquids
  • Soft foods
  • Nothing sharp in mouth
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10
Q

Tonsilitis - Therapeutic Management

A
  • Pharm
    > antipyretics/analgesics: acetaminophen
    > hydrocodone if dysphagia
    > antibiotics
  • Surgical
    > tonsillectomy
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11
Q

Tonsilitis - Highest Risk Age Group

A

School age

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12
Q

Tonsillectomy - Indications for Surgery

A
  • Recurrent infections
  • Snoring at night
    > tonsils obstructive
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13
Q

Tonsillectomy - Post-Op Care

A
  • Red Flags
    > frequent swallowing = bleeding
  • Pain management
    > ice collar, analgesics
  • Diet
    > no carbonation or red dyes
  • Teaching
    > prevent sneezing, coughing, vomiting (antiemetics)
    > normal activity in 1-2wks
    > assess for S/S of infection
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14
Q

Nasopharyngitis - Etiology & Manifs

A
  • Etiology
    > common cold; virus, 10-14 days
    > inflammation in upper airway
  • Manifestations
    > nasal inflammation
    > dryness & irritation of nasal passages & pharynx
    > fever
    > dcrd appetite
    > restlessness
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15
Q

Nasopharyngitis - Therapeutic Management/Nursing Interventions

treat symtpoms

A
  • Hydration
    > pedialyte, gatorade
  • Rest
  • Cool mist humidifer
  • Medications
    > antipyretics
    > decongestants (6yrs+)
    > cough suppresants (avoid; over sedation)
  • DO NOT give
    > antihistamines or antibiotics
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16
Q

Nasopharyngitis - Prevention

A
  • Immunizations
  • Avoid 2nd hand smoke
17
Q

Nasopharyngitis - Signs tht Child Needs to be Seen by Provider

A
  • Fever >101.4 unaffected by meds
  • Not drinking/eating
  • No wet diapers
18
Q

Acute Streptococcal Pharyngitis - Etiology & Manifestations

A
  • Etiology
    > Group A Streptococcus (GABHS)
    > infection of upper airway
  • Manifestations
    > abrupt onset of pharyngitis
    > headahce
    > fever
    > abd pain
    > soare throat
19
Q

Acute Streptococcal Pharyngitis - Therapeutic Management

A

Antibiotics: Penicillin

20
Q

Acute Streptococcal Pharyngitis - Nursing Interventions

A
  • Obtain throat culture
  • Complete antibiotics
  • 24hrs after meds can go back to school
  • Hydration
21
Q

Acute Streptococcal Pharyngitis - Risk if Not Fully Treated

A
  • Rheumatic fever
  • Re-infection
    > Glomerulonephritis
    > throw away toothbrush
22
Q

Bronchiolitis - Etiology & Manifestations

A

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
- Etiology
> inflammation of the bronchioles tht produces thick mucus tht occludes bronchioles
- Manifestations
> fever
> eye drainage
> ear drainage
> rhinorrhea
> coughing/sneezing

23
Q

Bronchiolitis - Nursing Interventions

8

A
  • Assess respiratory system
  • Monitor for distress
  • Droplet precautions
  • Suction secretions
  • No antibiotics
  • Antipyretics
  • O2 w/ humidification
  • May be intubated
24
Q

Bronchiolitis - Prevention

A
  • Breast feed
  • Avoid tobacco smoke
  • Good hand hygiene
25
What Vaccine for Epiglottitis
**Hib vaccine**
26
Epiglottitis - Etiology & Manifestations ## Footnote 9 manifs
**Medical Emergency** - **Etiology** > inflammation of epiglottis > Haemophiles influenza (bacteria) > form of croup > common in 2-8yrs - **Manifestations** > absence of cough > tripod positioning > drooling > stridor > fever > sore/inflammed throat > hoarse/muffled voice > dysphagia > dyspnea
27
Epiglottitis - Therapeutic Management ## Footnote precaution meds avoid
- **Droplet precautions** - **Medications** > analgesics > antipyretics > steroids > antibiotics - **Things to Avoid** > supine position > do not leave alone > nothing in mouth; not even for culture testing
28
Epiglottitis - Nursing Interventions
- **Maintain airway** - **High Fowler's**
29
Epiglottitis - Prevention
**Hib Vaccination**
30
Acute Laryngotracheobronchitis - Etiology & Manifestations
**Croup** - **Etiology** > inflammation of the larynx, trachea, & bronchi > viral/bacterial - **Manifestations** > croupy/barky cough > low grade temp > progressive resp distress; inspiratory stridor > crackles/wheezing
31
Acute Laryngotracheobronchitis - Nursing Interventions
- **Airway protection** - **Assess respiratory status** - **Elevate HOB**
32
Acute Laryngotracheobronchitis - Therapeutic Management ## Footnote meds
- **Steroids** - **Bronchodilator**
33
Acute Laryngotracheobronchitis - Education
- **Don't admin cough syrup; can thicken & dry secretions** - **Cold mist**
34
Pertussis - Etiology & Manifestations
**Whooping Cough** - **Etiology** > bordetella pertussis; bacterial infection of respiratory tract > close contact w/ infected person > common in unvaccinated kids (DTaP) - **Manifestations** > fever > rapid coughing (could crack ribs) > high-pitched inhalation w/ whoop sound > cyanosis
35
Pertussis - Nursing Interventions
- **Droplet precautions** - **High Fowler's** - **Administer antibiotics**
36
Pertussis - Prevention
- **Droplet precautions** - **TDAP** - **DTaP**
37
Mononucleosis - Etiology & Manifestations
**Kissing Disease** - **Etiology** > Epstein-Barr virus > long-lasting > common in adolescents - **Manifestations** > fever > exudative pharyngitis (sore throat) > enlarged spleen (LUQ pain) > lymphadenopathy (swollen lymphs)
38
Mononucleosis - Nursing Interventions
- **Respiratory assessment** - No antibiotics
39
Mononucleosis - Long Term Concern
- **Spleen**; no contact sports for 3 months - Transmitted through saliva

Peds Exam 2 (23 decks)

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