Respiratory Infections Flashcards
Otitis Media
- Infection of the middle ear
- Block of eustachian tube
- Comes after respiratory infection
Otitis Media - CMs
- Fussy
- Pulling on ear
- Fevers
- Don’t want to lay down (supine)
Otitis Media - Therapeutic Management
-
Pharm
> antipyretics: acetaminophen or ibuprofen
> antibiotics if < 6 months: amoxicillin, amoxicllin-clavulanate, azithromycin, ceftriaxone
> wait if > 6 months 24-48hrs before meds -
Surgical
> Myringotomy: small incision in eardrum for drainage
> Tympanostomy: tubes
Otitis Media - Nursing Interventions
-
No chewing
> incrs pain - Heat/cold for discomfort
- Educate on med admin
Otitis Media - Prevention
- Upright feedings
- Up-to-date vaccinations
- Breastfeed for 6 months
Long-Term Impact of Chronic Ear Infections
Hearing loss > Speech problems
What makes children more prone to ear infections
Infants and kids have shorter, wider, & straighter eustachian tubes
Tonsilitis - Etiology & Manifs
-
Etiology
> infection/inflammation of the tonsils
> viral, bacterial, or fungal
> Strep A (strep throat) -
Manifestations
> fever
> recurrent sore throat
> enlarged red, white exudate tonsils
> dysphagia (mouth breather)
> difficulty swallowing
> mouth odor, snoring
Tonsilitis - Nursing Interventions
- No milk products
- No red foods/liquids
- Soft foods
- Nothing sharp in mouth
Tonsilitis - Therapeutic Management
-
Pharm
> antipyretics/analgesics: acetaminophen
> hydrocodone if dysphagia
> antibiotics -
Surgical
> tonsillectomy
Tonsilitis - Highest Risk Age Group
School age
Tonsillectomy - Indications for Surgery
- Recurrent infections
-
Snoring at night
> tonsils obstructive
Tonsillectomy - Post-Op Care
-
Red Flags
> frequent swallowing = bleeding -
Pain management
> ice collar, analgesics -
Diet
> no carbonation or red dyes -
Teaching
> prevent sneezing, coughing, vomiting (antiemetics)
> normal activity in 1-2wks
> assess for S/S of infection
Nasopharyngitis - Etiology & Manifs
-
Etiology
> common cold; virus, 10-14 days
> inflammation in upper airway -
Manifestations
> nasal inflammation
> dryness & irritation of nasal passages & pharynx
> fever
> dcrd appetite
> restlessness
Nasopharyngitis - Therapeutic Management/Nursing Interventions
treat symtpoms
-
Hydration
> pedialyte, gatorade - Rest
- Cool mist humidifer
-
Medications
> antipyretics
> decongestants (6yrs+)
> cough suppresants (avoid; over sedation) -
DO NOT give
> antihistamines or antibiotics
Nasopharyngitis - Prevention
- Immunizations
- Avoid 2nd hand smoke
Nasopharyngitis - Signs tht Child Needs to be Seen by Provider
- Fever >101.4 unaffected by meds
- Not drinking/eating
- No wet diapers
Acute Streptococcal Pharyngitis - Etiology & Manifestations
-
Etiology
> Group A Streptococcus (GABHS)
> infection of upper airway -
Manifestations
> abrupt onset of pharyngitis
> headahce
> fever
> abd pain
> soare throat
Acute Streptococcal Pharyngitis - Therapeutic Management
Antibiotics: Penicillin
Acute Streptococcal Pharyngitis - Nursing Interventions
- Obtain throat culture
- Complete antibiotics
- 24hrs after meds can go back to school
- Hydration
Acute Streptococcal Pharyngitis - Risk if Not Fully Treated
- Rheumatic fever
-
Re-infection
> Glomerulonephritis
> throw away toothbrush
Bronchiolitis - Etiology & Manifestations
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
- Etiology
> inflammation of the bronchioles tht produces thick mucus tht occludes bronchioles
- Manifestations
> fever
> eye drainage
> ear drainage
> rhinorrhea
> coughing/sneezing
Bronchiolitis - Nursing Interventions
8
- Assess respiratory system
- Monitor for distress
- Droplet precautions
- Suction secretions
- No antibiotics
- Antipyretics
- O2 w/ humidification
- May be intubated
Bronchiolitis - Prevention
- Breast feed
- Avoid tobacco smoke
- Good hand hygiene
What Vaccine for Epiglottitis
Hib vaccine
Epiglottitis - Etiology & Manifestations
9 manifs
Medical Emergency
- Etiology
> inflammation of epiglottis
> Haemophiles influenza (bacteria)
> form of croup
> common in 2-8yrs
- Manifestations
> absence of cough
> tripod positioning
> drooling
> stridor
> fever
> sore/inflammed throat
> hoarse/muffled voice
> dysphagia
> dyspnea
Epiglottitis - Therapeutic Management
precaution
meds
avoid
- Droplet precautions
-
Medications
> analgesics
> antipyretics
> steroids
> antibiotics -
Things to Avoid
> supine position
> do not leave alone
> nothing in mouth; not even for culture testing
Epiglottitis - Nursing Interventions
- Maintain airway
- High Fowler’s
Epiglottitis - Prevention
Hib Vaccination
Acute Laryngotracheobronchitis - Etiology & Manifestations
Croup
- Etiology
> inflammation of the larynx, trachea, & bronchi
> viral/bacterial
- Manifestations
> croupy/barky cough
> low grade temp
> progressive resp distress; inspiratory stridor > crackles/wheezing
Acute Laryngotracheobronchitis - Nursing Interventions
- Airway protection
- Assess respiratory status
- Elevate HOB
Acute Laryngotracheobronchitis - Therapeutic Management
meds
- Steroids
- Bronchodilator
Acute Laryngotracheobronchitis - Education
- Don’t admin cough syrup; can thicken & dry secretions
- Cold mist
Pertussis - Etiology & Manifestations
Whooping Cough
- Etiology
> bordetella pertussis; bacterial infection of respiratory tract
> close contact w/ infected person
> common in unvaccinated kids (DTaP)
- Manifestations
> fever
> rapid coughing (could crack ribs)
> high-pitched inhalation w/ whoop sound
> cyanosis
Pertussis - Nursing Interventions
- Droplet precautions
- High Fowler’s
- Administer antibiotics
Pertussis - Prevention
- Droplet precautions
- TDAP
- DTaP
Mononucleosis - Etiology & Manifestations
Kissing Disease
- Etiology
> Epstein-Barr virus
> long-lasting
> common in adolescents
- Manifestations
> fever
> exudative pharyngitis (sore throat)
> enlarged spleen (LUQ pain)
> lymphadenopathy (swollen lymphs)
Mononucleosis - Nursing Interventions
- Respiratory assessment
- No antibiotics
Mononucleosis - Long Term Concern
- Spleen; no contact sports for 3 months
- Transmitted through saliva
