Chronic Neuromuscular Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Cerebral Palsy

A
  • Non-progressive neuromuscular disorder
  • Oxygenation issue
  • Can happen in utero or right after birth
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2
Q

Cerebral Palsy - Assessment

A
  • Thorough hx is reviewed
    > is child meeting milestones?
    > did child have traumatic delivery?
    > did mom have healthy pregnancy?
    > has child had any head trauma?
  • Types of CP
    > spastic, athetoid, ataxic, mixed
    > depends on where injury to plave in brain
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3
Q

Cerebral Palsy - Manifestations

A
  • Extreme irritability & crying
  • Feeding difficulties
  • Alterations of muscle tone; stiff & rigis arms or legs
  • Delayed gross motor development
    > not meeting milestones
  • Persistence of primitive infantile reflexes (moro, tonic neck) after 6 months
    > most primitive reflexes disappear by 3-4 months of age
  • Abnormal posturing, such as opisthotonos
    > exaggerated arching of back
  • Seizures may occur
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4
Q

Cerebral Palsy - Therapeutic Management

A
  • Goal is early recognition & intervention to maximize child’s abilities
  • PT, OT, speech, education, recreation
  • Prepare for using mobilizing devices to help prevent or reduce deformities
  • 30-50% also have some form of cogniti e impairment
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5
Q

Cerebral Palsy - Medications

A
  • May be prescribed to relieve muscle spasms & antiseizure meds
    > Baclofen: antispasmodic
    > Diazepam: muscle relaxant
    > Botulinum toxin A injections
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6
Q

Neural Tube Defects

A
  • Largest group of congenital anomalies
  • Normally: spinal cord & cauda are encased in protective sheath of bone & meninges
  • Failure of neural tube closure: produces defects of varying degrees
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7
Q

Neural Tube Defects - Types

A
  • Anencephaly
  • Encephalocele
  • Spina bifida occulta
  • Spina bifida cystica
    > meningocele
    > myelomeningocele
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8
Q

Neural Tube Defects - Patho

A
  • Failure of neural tube to close during embryo’s early development
    > suppose to close approx 3-4wks after conception
  • Multifactorial causes
  • Genetic mutation
  • Highest risk for neural tube defects:
    > lack of folic acid
  • Additional Factors:
    > maternal obesity
    > maternal DM
    > low vit B12 lvl
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9
Q

Neural Tube Defects - Postop Care Management

A
  • Pre/post surgical intervention
  • Support fam & educate abt home care
  • Orthopedic problems
    > hips, back, legs, feet
    > incrd risk: clubfoot, bowel issues
  • Bladder/bowel control
  • latex allergies
  • ICP signs
    > high pitched cry
    > drowsy
    > bulging fontanels
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10
Q

Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis - Description

A
  • Autoimmune inflammatoru disease
  • Impacts joints & other tissues
  • No cure, not usually life threatening
  • Can subside overtime but may have residual impaired joint function or deformities
  • no definitive tests for assessment
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11
Q

Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis - Interventions

A
  • Encourage normal performance of faily activities
  • Minimize damage & preserve joint function - treatment is supportive
    > ROM
    > heat/ice
  • Pain control
  • Meds
    > steroids
    > opioids/non-opioids
  • Eye care
    > incrd risk for uveitis due to inflamm & steroid use
    > make sure child has regular vision care
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