Chronic Neuromuscular Disorders Flashcards
1
Q
Cerebral Palsy
A
- Non-progressive neuromuscular disorder
- Oxygenation issue
- Can happen in utero or right after birth
2
Q
Cerebral Palsy - Assessment
A
-
Thorough hx is reviewed
> is child meeting milestones?
> did child have traumatic delivery?
> did mom have healthy pregnancy?
> has child had any head trauma? -
Types of CP
> spastic, athetoid, ataxic, mixed
> depends on where injury to plave in brain
3
Q
Cerebral Palsy - Manifestations
A
- Extreme irritability & crying
- Feeding difficulties
- Alterations of muscle tone; stiff & rigis arms or legs
-
Delayed gross motor development
> not meeting milestones -
Persistence of primitive infantile reflexes (moro, tonic neck) after 6 months
> most primitive reflexes disappear by 3-4 months of age -
Abnormal posturing, such as opisthotonos
> exaggerated arching of back - Seizures may occur
4
Q
Cerebral Palsy - Therapeutic Management
A
- Goal is early recognition & intervention to maximize child’s abilities
- PT, OT, speech, education, recreation
- Prepare for using mobilizing devices to help prevent or reduce deformities
- 30-50% also have some form of cogniti e impairment
5
Q
Cerebral Palsy - Medications
A
-
May be prescribed to relieve muscle spasms & antiseizure meds
> Baclofen: antispasmodic
> Diazepam: muscle relaxant
> Botulinum toxin A injections
6
Q
Neural Tube Defects
A
- Largest group of congenital anomalies
- Normally: spinal cord & cauda are encased in protective sheath of bone & meninges
- Failure of neural tube closure: produces defects of varying degrees
7
Q
Neural Tube Defects - Types
A
- Anencephaly
- Encephalocele
- Spina bifida occulta
-
Spina bifida cystica
> meningocele
> myelomeningocele
8
Q
Neural Tube Defects - Patho
A
-
Failure of neural tube to close during embryo’s early development
> suppose to close approx 3-4wks after conception - Multifactorial causes
- Genetic mutation
-
Highest risk for neural tube defects:
> lack of folic acid -
Additional Factors:
> maternal obesity
> maternal DM
> low vit B12 lvl
9
Q
Neural Tube Defects - Postop Care Management
A
- Pre/post surgical intervention
- Support fam & educate abt home care
-
Orthopedic problems
> hips, back, legs, feet
> incrd risk: clubfoot, bowel issues - Bladder/bowel control
- latex allergies
-
ICP signs
> high pitched cry
> drowsy
> bulging fontanels
10
Q
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis - Description
A
- Autoimmune inflammatoru disease
- Impacts joints & other tissues
- No cure, not usually life threatening
- Can subside overtime but may have residual impaired joint function or deformities
- no definitive tests for assessment
11
Q
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis - Interventions
A
- Encourage normal performance of faily activities
-
Minimize damage & preserve joint function - treatment is supportive
> ROM
> heat/ice - Pain control
-
Meds
> steroids
> opioids/non-opioids -
Eye care
> incrd risk for uveitis due to inflamm & steroid use
> make sure child has regular vision care