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CPR Exam 1 > Respiratory Histology > Flashcards

Respiratory Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Conducting Portion of breathing

A

Air passes these to get to Gas exchange

  1. Nasal Cavity
  2. Paranasal Sinus
  3. Nasopharynx —> oropharynx
  4. Larynx
  5. Trachea
  6. Bronchi (primary, secondary, tertiary)
  7. Bronchioles
  8. Terminal Bronchioles
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2
Q

Respiratory Portion of breathing

A

Gas exchange

  1. Respiratory Bronchioles
  2. Alveolar ducts
  3. Alveolar sacs
  4. Alveoli
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3
Q

Respiratory Epithelium is what

A

Pseudostratified columnar
+ CILIA
- has lamina Propria (Vascularized with many capillaries)

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4
Q

The respiratory epithelium has other cells in it

GOBLET CELLS

A

5%-15%

Secrete mucus into the airways

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5
Q

The respiratory epithelium has other cells in it

BRUSH CELLS

A

Short blunt microvilli

= chemosensory cells —> sensory nerve fibers

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6
Q

The respiratory epithelium has other cells in it

BASAL CELLS

A

Stem cells on the basement membrane

Non-ciliated

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7
Q

The respiratory epithelium has other cells in it

SMALL GRANULE CELLS

A

Like basal cells only have secratory granules

= endocrine cells for DNES (diffuse neuroendocrine system)

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8
Q

Nasal cavity 3 parts

A
  1. Nasal Vestibule = right inside nostrils (skin)
  2. Respiratory region = inferior 2/3 of nasal cavity (respiratory mucosa)
  3. Olfactory Region = at apex upper 1/3 of nasal cavity (specialized olfactory mucosa)
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9
Q

Nasal Cavity function

A

Adjust to temperature + humidity of air coming in

Turbinate bones increase SA

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10
Q

Paranasal Sinuses

A

Air-filled spaces in the bones of the walls of nasal cavity (respiratory epithelium with narrow openings to communicate with NC)
= mucus made inside —> NC
*high risk of infection after upper resp. Viral infection = drainage

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11
Q

Respiratory mucosa

A

Pseudostratified columnar ciliated

Has goblet cells, basal cells, brush cells small granule cells

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12
Q

Olfactory mucosa is located exactly where and what type of epithelium

A

Covers the superior conchae bilaterally
Pseudostratified columnar, non-motile ciliated + NO goblet cells
* Has Olfactory Bowmans glands : dissolve odors (Serous)
*Has smell receptors

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13
Q

Olfactory Receptory N (ORNs)

Histology and characteristics

A

1 dendrite
Specialized, nonmotile cilia + odorant receptor
LIGAND BINDING R.
*Brush cells : ciliated columnar ——> CN5

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14
Q

The Larynx histology

A
  • Cartilage
    1. Hyaline : thyroid, cricoid, inferior arytenoid cartilage
    2. Elastic : epiglottis, cuneiform, corniculate, superior arytenoid cartilage
  • Skeletal M (movement)
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15
Q

Epiglottis

Function and 3 parts

A

Prevents swallowed food entering airway

  1. Core : Elastic cartilage
  2. Lingual surface : strat. Squamous
  3. Laryngeal surface : transition to ciliated Pseudostratified columnar
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16
Q

Larynx

Vestibular Folds

A

Respiratory epithelium + serous glands + LN

Superior fold - CANT move

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17
Q

Larynx

Vocal Folds

A 
Nonkaritinized strat. Squamous + elastic CT
(Inferior fold - MOVE)
= protects from abrasion
= sound and phonation 
* vocal lig connected to edge of folds
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18
Q

Laryngitis

A 
Inflamed larynx (virus or allergy)
= hoarse voice (lamina Propria edema changes shape of vocal folds)
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19
Q

Croup

A

In children and young children

Hoarseness and load harsh coughs (laryngeal mucosa edema)

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20
Q

7 components of nasal cavity ——> segmented bronchus (bronchi)

A
  1. Resp. Epithelium
  2. Goblet Cells
  3. SM
  4. Ciliated cells
  5. Glands
  6. Hyaline cartilage (decreases with each level)
  7. Elastic Fibers
21
Q

4 components of bronchiole—> terminal bronchiole—> respiratory bronchioles

A
  1. Resp. Epithelium
  2. Ciliated cells (decrease each level)
  3. SM (decrease each level)
  4. Elastic Fibers
22
Q

3 components of alveolar duct

A
  1. Resp. Epithelium
  2. Elastic Fibers
  3. SM (very little)
23
Q

Alveolar sacs and alveoli components

A

Respiratory Epithelium

Elastic Fibers

24
Q

Trachea basic histology
What keeps it open
Divides into

A

Short flexible air tube , Resp.Epithelium
Open due to stacked cartilage rings
Divides into main or primary bronchi

25
Trachealis muscle location
SM between the cartilage rings of trachea
26
esophagus is behind what and lined by what
Behind the trachea and lines by strat. Squamous non-keratinized
27
Trachea detailed Histology
Elastic fibers and goblet cells in = lamina Propria Dense CT + Hyaline cartilage (C-shaped) = submucosa Adventitia
28
Bronchi histology | Where does it enter and 3 parts
Resp epithelium At Hilum of lung Primary (main) —> Secondary (lobular) —> Tertiary (segmental)
29
Bronchi detailed histology
Fewer goblets PRIMARY : complete cartilage rings SECONDARY —> TERITIARY : more complete cartilage replaced by hyaline cartilage
30
Bronchioles Start after what structure Enters what Branches into what
Starts after terminal branches of tertiary bronchi Enter pulmonary lobule 5-7 TERMIAL bronchioles
31
Bronchioles histology large —> terminal branches
Larger : resp epithelium—> simple columnar cilia Terminal : Simple columnar —> simple cuboidal cilia * NO glands NO cartilage NO submucosa * SM
32
Asthma
Chronic bronchiole inflammation + SM constriction = obstructs airflow —> bronchospasm (air has hard time moving in and out from aveoli) = eosinophils, lymph’s, mast cells fill the airway = thick bronchiolar epithelium with HIGH GOBLETS cells + hyperplastic SM +enlarged BVs
33
Terminal Bronchioles Histology | And what does it secrete
Simple cuboidal + CLUB cells(no cilia + secretory granules) 1. Surfactant : lipoprotein and mucins —> epithelium surface 2. Detoxification : by SER of inhaled Xenobiotics 3. Anti microbial peptides +cytokines : local immune defense
34
Terminal Bronchioles divide into
2 respiratory bronchioles
35
Respiratory bronchioles Histology Branches into
Have the alveoli on it Simple cuboidal + elastic fibers + SM Alveolar ducts—> alveolar rings —> alveolar sacs —> alveoli
36
Alveolar duct histology
Attenuated squamous cells
37
Alveolar rings
SM and collagen and elastic fibers forming a ring around alveolar ducts
38
Alveolar sacs
Clusters of +2 alveoli | Ends of alveolar ducts and along its length
39
Alveoli Histology
Simple squamous + BVs * has alveolar pores : for air movement * intralveolar septum : between alveoli
40
Interalveolar septum
Fibroblasts, ECM, elastic(expand and contraction) and reticular (prevent excessive distention or collapse) fibers HIGH CAPILLARIES
41
Alveolar walls have what 2 types of cells
1. Type 1 pneumocytes : squamous cells *gas exchange + most abundant lining the alveolus surface 2. Type 2 pneumocytes : large and round, bulge + MANY CLUB cells (*make surfactant)
42
Macrophages in the alveoli or interalveolar septum
Dust cells
43
What do the walls of the alveoli help create | To keep blood out from alveoli
Blood-Air- Barrier
44
3 components making the BAB
1. 2-3 thin highly attenuated alveolar cells 2. Basal Lamina fused with capillary endothelium 3. Thin endothelial capillary cells
45
Emphysema What happens Causes Risks
Permanent enlargement of air spaces inside alveolar sacs (due to rupture of alveolar walls) distal from terminal bronchiole (enlargement of BV) = airflow obstruction from narrowing of bronchioles + flatten = not many alveolar walls, —> open enlarges alveolar sac only Lost a huge part of gas exchange Smoking, inhaling long-term coal dust or particulate materials
46
Pneumonia
Lung tissue inflammation air spaces filled with WBC (neutrophils), RBC, fibrin =enlarged capillaries with manyyy RBCs (vascular congestion) = Red hepatization stage * lung is red, firm, heavy (little air space)
47
Pulmonary and bronchiole arterial supply enter lung where and anastomoses at what level
The Hilum of the lung by the respiratory bronchioles
48
Difference in terminal Bronchioles and respiratory bronchioles
Terminal : have CLUB cells | Respiratory : have alveoli
49
Surfactant prevent alveolar collapse by
Increase SA and decrease surface tension

CPR Exam 1 (20 decks)

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