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CPR Exam 1 > Cardiac And Vascular Histology > Flashcards

Cardiac And Vascular Histology Flashcards

1
Q

SM have what Hallmarks

compared to dense regular CT

A
  1. elongated nuclei
  2. has cross section unstained regions
  3. not wavy
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2
Q

what are Dense bodies made of and what is the function

A

Desmin + Vimentin + intermediate filaments

anchor the thin and thick filaments to the plasma membrane and eachother

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3
Q

Cardiac Muscle Hallmarks

A
  1. striations + INTERCALATED DISCS*
  2. central nuclei
  3. LIPOFUSCIN GRANULES (lysosomal residues) near some nuclei
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4
Q

Cardiac Muscles have how many nucleus
and BF
and intercalated discs

A

1-2
a lot of capillaries
junctions between the cells for electrical current passage

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5
Q

Purkinje cells

A

modified CM cells and acts like pacemaker for heart

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6
Q

2 pericardiums around heart

A 
fibrous pericardium (dense CT)
serous pericardium (3 layers)
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7
Q

Serous pericardium

A
  1. Parietal layer = line inner fibrous pericardium
  2. Visceral layer = outer surface of heart
  3. Pericardial Cavity = space between parietal and visceral layers
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8
Q

CM found where

A

myocardium

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9
Q

what is endocardium and epicardium made of

A

areolar CT

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10
Q

epicardium has

A

fat and ANS, lined by mesothelium, viseral pericardium on top of it

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11
Q

the epicardium fat get blood supply from

A

coronary arteries

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12
Q

Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction

A

problems with coronary artery branches

= low BS to heart

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13
Q

4 characteristics of myocardium

A
  1. intercalated discs
  2. striations
  3. Lipofuscin granules
  4. Dyad T-tubules system
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14
Q

3 parts that myocardium has

A

AV and SA node
myoendocrine cardiocytes
cardiocytes (contractile)

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15
Q

where can you see the intercalated discs

A

at the Z=line

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16
Q

Fascia adherens

A

actin
transmit contractile forces
Transverse Region

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17
Q

Desmosomes

A

intermediate filaments of cytoskeleton

Transverse Region

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18
Q

Gap (nexus) junction

A

low electrical resistance sites (allows excitation of cells passage)
Longitudinal Region

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19
Q

what is a Dyad T-Tubule made of

A

1 T-tubule + 1 SR cisterna

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20
Q

Dyad T-Tubule function

A

invaginations into sarcolemma at the Z lines

for uniform contraction of myofibrils within a 1 cardiocyte

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21
Q

nodal cardiocytes

A

cells in the SA and AV node
ANS—-> to it
modify CM contractions

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22
Q

Purkinje Fibers

A 
conduct electrical impulse fro coordinated contractions 
LOW amount of myofibruls
HIGH glycogen amounts
-most have X T-tubules
- larger and near periphery
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23
Q

Lipofuscin Granules

A

with age small bodies accumulate in non-diciding cells

= residual bodies after lysosomal digestion)

24
Q

Arterial Granules

A

= myoendocrine cardiocytes
ATRIAL CELLS that have granules (most in RA)
(has precursor for ANF –> Atrial Natriuretic factor)

25
Q

ANF function

A

goes to kidneys to DECREASE NA+, H2O retention (absorption, so they get excreted)

26
Q

Endocardium

A

endothelium + CT thin layer of loose CT

27
Q

Endocardium in ventricle

A

SUBENDOCARDIAL Layer
= CT + SM merging with myocardium
= has purkinje fibers

28
Q

Endocardium in atrium

A

NO real suberndocardial layer
= purkinje fibers closer to endothelium
= intermixed with myocardium

29
Q

Cardiac Skeleton

A

Danse irregular CT at endocardium

  • anchor valves
  • surround AV canals (maintain shape)
  • part of interventricular and interatrial septa
  • extends to valve cusps + chordae tendineae (CM attach here , electrical insulator between A and V) *
30
Q

Heart Valves

A 
fibroelastic CT (VALVE RING) covered by endothelium 
continuous with cardiac skeleton
31
Q

valve ring

A

central part of valve

32
Q

Tunica intima

A
  1. Endothelium: simple squamous
  2. Basal lamina : collagen proteoglycans, glycoproteins
  3. Subendothelial layer : loose CT
    = internal elastic membrane ——> sheet like fenestrated elastic with arteries and arterioles
33
Q

Endothelial cell location and function

A

Innermost of tunica intima

  1. Blood coagulation and thrombosis
  2. Cell junctions many
  3. Local vasodilation and vasoconstriction
34
Q

Tunica media

A

Layer of SM
Thick arteries
From internal elastic membrane to the external elastic membrane
Layer of elastin that separates tunica media and Adventitia

35
Q

Tunica Adventitia

A

Collagen and elastic fibers
Loose CT around vessels
1. Vasa vasorum : vessels of tunica adventitia—> vascular tunics (Large Arteries + Veins)
2. Nervi Vasorum (vascularis) : ANS input —> vascular SM

36
Q

LARGE Arteries

A

ELASTIC

Has elastin in between SM

37
Q

Medium Arteries

A 
MUSCULAR
More SM (spiral) then elastin
INTERNAL ELASTIC MEMBRANE*
You can see the external elastic membrane also*
Thick adventitia
38
Q

small Arteries and Arterioles

A

Up to 8 layers of SM + internal elastic membrane (arteries)
1-2 layers of SM + maybe an IEM (arterioles)
ARTERIOLES : Sympa (vasoconstriction) and para (vasodilation) ——> tunica media*

39
Q

Capillaries

A

Metabolic exchange, has endothermic (only tunica intima)
D can be smaller then RBCs
* PERICYTES : contractile cells of capillaries, continuous with endothelium and controlled by NO, promote capillary stability

40
Q

Continuous capillaries

A

Has pericyte and TJs
Diffusion + transcytosis
Muscles, brain, exocrine glands, peripheral N
PANCREAS

41
Q

Fenestrated Capillaries

A

Fenestrated, basal lamina is continuous, TJs
Small molecules exchanged
Endocrine glands, fluid metabolite absorption organs (GB, Kidney)
JEJUNUM

42
Q

Discontinuous Capillaries

A

Basal lamina is discontinuous + large fenestrations, sinusoidal*
Exchange of macromolecules + cells
BM, spleen
LIVER hepatocytes

43
Q

Metarteriole

A

First branch from arteriole to make capillary (has SM)

44
Q

Precapillary sphincter

A

Regulates capillary BF

45
Q

True Capillaries

A

No SM + pericytes*

Branched off the metarterioles

46
Q

Thoroughfare channel

A

End of the metarteriole after all its branching of true capillaries, no SM
——> postcapillary venule

47
Q

When pericapillary sphincters close

A

The blood doesn’t flow through all the true capillary branches and goes straight through from the metarteriole to the postcapillary venule (FASTER VENOUS RETURN)

48
Q

Order of veins

A 
Venules (postcapillary- intima and muscular-mediaSM+ adventitia)
Small veins (3 layers)
Medium V (3 layers), valves
Large V (3 layers) 
*tunica intima can have valves
49
Q

Veins are usually

A

Collapsed in lumen, have large lumen and thin walls

50
Q

What travels with muscular arteries

A

Medium veins

51
Q

LARGE veins

A

Longitudinal SM in adventitia
Circular SM in media
Thin intima

52
Q

Lymph

A

Send fluids only away from tissues ——> venous supply

53
Q

Lymph capillaries 3 characteristics

A
  1. Incomplete Basal Lamina : high permeability
  2. 1 way valve
  3. Closed ended tubes
    ———> make collecting lymph vessels
    * endothelial cells held by anchoring cells *
54
Q

Lymphatic vessels 3 characteristics

A
  1. Valves
  2. 3 layers of tunics
  3. TJs, no leakage
    —> lymph trunks
55
Q

Pathway of lymph from lymph capillaries

A 
Lymph capillaries 
Lymph vessels
Lymph trunks 
RIGTH lymphatic duct (RIGTH UEX)
Thoracic Duct (all other body parts)
Subclavian V + Internal jugular V junction
56
Q

The right lymphatic duct —>

A

Right subclavian V and internal jugular V

57
Q

Thoracic Duct —>

A

Left subclavian V + internal Jugular V

CPR Exam 1 (20 decks)

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