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CPR Exam 1 > Cardiac Cycle and Sounds - Karius > Flashcards

Cardiac Cycle and Sounds - Karius Flashcards

1
Q

Electrical event vs mechanical event for heart contraction

A

The electrical event happens first Quality of electrical event doesn’t effect quality of mechanical event

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2
Q

EKG x and y axis

A

X : time Y : voltage

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3
Q

P wave is initiated by the

A

SA node

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4
Q

Conduction velocity in the AV node

A

Is slow causing pause = PR interval (end of P, start of R)

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5
Q

AV node transmits AP by purkinje fibers where in what order

A

Septum Apex Back up lateral walls of each V

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6
Q

Which direction does the heart contract of V

A

Towards the septum

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7
Q

Q wave R wave S wave

A

First - wave + wave Second - wave

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8
Q

What happens from S to T

A

Phase 2 (plateau phase) CA+ influx

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9
Q

When is heart relaxed

A

End of T wave

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10
Q

The 1st cell to depolarize in the myocytes

A

Is the last to repolarize

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11
Q

The last of the myocytes to depolarize

A

Is the first to repolarize

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12
Q

Mechanical event of heart ventricle from Q—> end of T-wave

A

SYSTOLE of ventricle Contracted

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13
Q

When is Ventricular Diastole

A

Relaxed From end of T-wave to beginning of QRS

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14
Q

When is arterial 1. Systole 2. Diastole

A
  1. Beginning of P- wave to QRS 2. QRS to strat of next P-wave
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15
Q

Atrial P increases when (long steady)

A

End of QRS to start of next P wave As it fills with blood

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16
Q

Ventricular Pressure increases a lot when and what effects height of this spike

A

QRS to end of T wave The Systemic BP determines height

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17
Q

Aortic P is how much at its peak

A

Just slight hair above the ventricular P during its peak = causes the decrease in V contraction and ejection of blood

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18
Q

Diastolic P on Aorta and in V

A

V = 0mmHg Aorta = higher like can be around 80mmHg

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19
Q

How much blood does the V have at end of Diastole

A

Around 100-120mL

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20
Q

How much blood does the V have at end of Systole

A

Ejects 50%-60% of Ventricle Maybe around 80mL

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21
Q

When is diastole short of long

A

SHORT = fast HR LONG = slow HR

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22
Q

Jugular P is how

A

Only slight hair above the Artrial P lines Decreases a little when during Ventricular repolarization or (decrease in P)

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23
Q

Jugular P comes from

A

The Jugular V going into the Atria

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24
Q

Reason Aortic P has

A

This is when the Aortic Valve closes and stays at a steady P inside Aorta before blood starts flowing down = end of ventricular ejection + systole = the V Pressure decreases a little earlier

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25
Q

Reason AV node has delay

A

Allows the atrium to contract and eject all blood to the ventricle Before ventricle contracts

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26
Q

What causes the spike of the ventricular Pressure to 100mmgh -120mmgh

A

The purkinje fibers getting signal from AV node

27
Q

What makes the ventricular pressure to come down from its peak

A

Aortic valve opens

28
Q

BP 120/70 meaning

A

120 : Systolic Pressure of Ventricle 70 : Diastolic Pressure of Aorta

29
Q

After T wave the aortic P

A

Is ABOVE Atrial and Ventricular P Stays decreasing even into the start of ventricular contraction*

30
Q

When does tricuspid and mitral valve close

A

When ventricle is contracting by AV node signal

31
Q

What happens right when AV valve closes

A

The ventricle starts to contract (increases) The VENTRICULAR VOLUME = stays the SAME Atrial P (slight bump of increase)

32
Q

What happens after AV valves have been closed for a while

A

The V pressure reaches a point that makes pulmonary artery Valve open V Pressure continues to increase to its peak A Pressure goes back down until venous filling later

33
Q

Isovolumetric contraction

A

Blood volume stays the same has the pressure increases a lot Also called isometric contraction

34
Q

Normal Aortic Pressure

A

120/70 * Aorta has to decrease to 70 mmHg for the Aortic valve to open

35
Q

Normal Pulmonary artery pressure

A

25/15 * pulmonary A has to decrease to 15mmHg for the pulmonary valve to open

36
Q

Aortic and pulmonary Valves open dictated by

A

DIASTOLE

37
Q

When does the Aortic valve close

A

When the ventricular P is a hair slight higher P then aortic P Then Around 120mmHg, both decrease *end of isometric contraction

38
Q

During the downward part of the ventricular and aortic peak

A

The aortic P is now a slight hair above P when ventricular P *POINT OF DIVERGENCE HAPPENS

39
Q

Point of divergence

A

*dicrotic notch* When the pulmonary or aortic valve closes = the Aorta P is steady high for a bit, (due to blood bouncing back) = V P continues to decrease = A P has a tiny spike (due to blood bouncing back)

40
Q

When is isometric relaxation

A

After all blood has been ejected into aorta or pulmonary

41
Q

What happens as the AV valves are open

A

The atrium does not contract The ventricle is just filling

42
Q

Pressure of Ventricle for blood to ENTER from Atria RIGHT LEFT

A

RIGHT : 25/0 LEFT : 120/ 0 *must be at 0mmHG

43
Q

How fast does the aortic P decrease and what determines this

A

Slowish (medium) slope down TPR : peripheral resistance Low TPR = high slope decrease High TPR = low slope decrease

44
Q

Diastolic BP determined by

A

TPR

45
Q

Importance of the jugular pressure reading

A

See the health of the heart If heart doesn’t pump blood effectively then blood backs up

46
Q

Jugular a wave

A

When atrium contracts , ,some blood goes back

47
Q

Jugular c wave

A

When ventricle is in isometric contraction Ends as soon as aortic or pulmonary valve opens

48
Q

V wave

A

As atrium fills by venous return , some blood goes back the more it gets full

49
Q

LUB sound

A

S1 AV valve close = sound from the blood in A coming in from venous return hitting the valve that is closed causing a vibration

50
Q

DUB sound

A

S2 Second heart sound due to closing of aortic and pulmonary valve = sound from blood in aorta or pulmonary bounces back on the valve

51
Q

Reason backflow happens

A

Gravity, until all blood can flow away

52
Q

S3 sound

A

When AV valve opens and the blood fills the ventricle from the atrium Right before ventricular filling start, right after S2 *normal in children or adults for only fast HR

53
Q

S4 sound

A

During atrial contraction Last little bit of blood ejected into V * normal in children, right before S1

54
Q

What causes HEART MURMUR

A
  1. Blood is moving in direction it shouldn’t (incompetent valve) 2. Blood has hard time moving in direction it should (stenosis of valve) *in either systole or diastole
55
Q

Incompetent valve

A

Regurgitation Valve allows blood to flow through = blood moving in direction it shouldn’t *

56
Q

Stenosis of valve

A

Valve cant open all the way * blood has hard time moving in direction it should*

57
Q

Mitral regurgitation and happens when

A

Blood moves back in to atria DURING SYSTOLE

58
Q

Blood cant move effectively into aorta or pulmonary a is a murmur when

A

During SYSTOLE

59
Q

2 ways to get DIASTOLE murmur

A
  1. Blood moves from pulmonary a + aorta to the ventricle 2. Blood has hard time moving into ventricle from the atrium (stenosis)
60
Q

Sound of systole murmur

A

Swish sound between LUB and DUB

61
Q

Sound of Diastole murmur

A

Swish sound after LUB DUB More a wosh sound

62
Q
A
63
Q
A

CPR Exam 1 (20 decks)

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