Cardiopulmonary And Renal Autonomics Flashcards
Varicosities are what
Synapse between post-ganglionic N and organ/target
Sympathetic: release NE
Parasympathetic : release ACH ——> Muscarinic ach receptors
Pre and post ganglionic cell is what type
ACH ——> nicotinic receptors
CN X leaves CNS and synapses on SA node of heart , what is the receptor
ACH——> Muscarinic cholinergic R
T1-T6 leaves CNS and synapses on SA node of heart , what is the receptor
Alpha 1 and Beta 1 adrenergic R
Alpha 1 do what
Contraction of SM
* especially vasoconstriction
+ increase CA influx into SM
Brain that control ANS
Hypothalamus (Paraventricular nucleus, medullary areas—> Hypothalamus)
Most important part of kidney
The Blood Supply
Functional unit of kidney
Nephron
- filter blood
- get rid of waste
Glomerulus function
Provide raw material for making urine
Filters plasma
Glomerulus gets blood from
Afferent arteriole ——> glomerular capillaries (filtration)—> efferent arterioles (controls rate)——> tubules
What controls the rate of glomerular filtration
The efferent arteriole
Where does fluid (blood) go after filtration in glomerulus (removing wastes)
To the proximal tubule
Proximal convoluted tubule function
REABSORB back into blood (what we need that was filtered earlier, glucose….)
——> PERITUBULAR CAPILLARIES *
What do the peritubular capillaries come from
Efferent arterioles
Loop of Henley gets fluid form and function
From proximal tubule CONCENTRATE URINE - Reabsorb water - works on interstitial fluid* (prevent dehydration) - blood here is vasa recta*
Distal Convoluted Tubule and collecting duct function and from where
From loop of Henly FINE TUNE = resorption on NA+, K+, WATER , H+, HCO-3 when needed *controlled by neural and H input *blood is Peritubular capillaries
What is the innervation to the kidneys (BLOOD)
MAIN : Sympathetic——> all blood supply vessels
= Alpha 1 receptors (reduce BF to kidney, lower urine production)
Innervation to the kidneys (juxtaglomerular apparatus)
By the Distal tubule and collecting duct
Sympathetic : ———> Beta 1 receptors on juxtaglomerular apparatus
= increase renin release
= NA+ and water reabsorption
Beta 1 function
Increase BPm by increase in RENIN release
Short term effect of sympathetic N in kidney
Increase BP
Long term effect of sympathetic N in kidney
Increase Blood volume
——> which will maintain BP
CASE 1 pt from MVA has significant blood loss and lowww BP What happens (from Neurologic stand point)
- Baroreceptors in Arteries
- Relay to brain (medulla —> hypothalamus) for ANS response
= increase sympathetic N (Thoracolumbar) to kidney arterioles and juxtaglomerular apparatus
= decrease parasympathetic N - Lower BF + RENIN release (angiotensinogen, angiotensin1, angiotensin 2, aldosterone)
- Increase NA+ reabsorption and H2O reabsorption
- Increase BP
Sympathetic N also go where from Case 1
H
HEART :
- SA node (beta1)= increase HR (increase cAMP, increase slope of depolarization)
- AV node (beta1) = increase conduction velocity (reduce delay, ventricular depolarization happens faster-> increase HR)
- Ventricular Myocardium (Beta1) = high CA+ influx —> increase contractility
BP =
BP = HR x SV x TRP
TPR (total peripheral resistance)
Contractility means increase in what
Increased SV
What does vasoconstriction do
Increase TPR
Sympathetic N also go where from Case 1
V
VASCULAR SM:
- NE to (Alpha1) = vasoconstriction ——> increased TPR
* EPI also released from (chromaffin cells) ——> SM (Alpha1) for vasoconstriction
Chromaffin cells activated by what
ACH from preganglionic—-> Nicotinic R
= releases epinephrine (from adrenal gland)
Sympathetic N also go where from Case 1
K
KINDEY:
- Juxtaglomerular apparatus: increase Renin
- Arterioles : decrease BF (to decrease urine excretion)
2 function of angiotensin 2
- Vasoconstriction = increased TPR
2. Release of aldosterone = increased BP
Aldosterone
Increase NA+ reabsorption
= increase in plasma osmolarity
——> release of ADH(vasopressin)
ADH
Function
- Increase H2O reabsorption = increase SV——> increase BP
2. Vasoconstriction = increase TPR
