respiratory emergency Flashcards
what is dyspnea and its general treatment
difficulty breathing
loosen restrictive clothing semi-sitting / tripod position O2 (SpO2? Value)
hyperventilation syndrome
Rapid breathing +++ , upsets O2/CO2 balance
❑ Often young female
❑ Often emotional triggered: fear/anxiety
:
head injury, severe bleeds, high fever, heart failure, lung disease, diabetic
what is emphysema
Lungs unable to effectively exchange CO2 / O2 ❑ S/S sob, difficult exhalation, cough, cyanosis,
fever, restless, confused, weak…
sign of distress of asthma
cyanotic+++
↑ pulse
↑ med use
difficult to talk
audible wheeze accessory muscle use ↓ LOC
what are the two type of bronchodilators for asthma
short acting: Use short-acting medication which provides relief from symptoms within minutes Quick relief for about 2-4+ hours, Taken as needed, to prevent or treat an asthma attack
long acting:Bronchodilators that relax the muscles around the airways to help keep them open.
Prescribed in addition to regular steroid preventer treatment, to help prevent asthma symptoms. Their effect lasts at least twelve hours.
Spiriva
Foradil
what is a nebulizer
Changes asthma medication from a liquid to a mist, so that it can be more easily inhaled into the lungs. -Medication is misted through an oxygen flow using a nebulizer mask (ambulance/ER)
-Takes 5-15 minutes to take effect
-Lasts for 3-6 hours
peak flow in green, yellow and red zone in asthma action plan
green: 80%
yellow: 50-80%
red: less tan 50%
when do you call 911 in red zone asthma attack
> 15 minutes - Cyanotic
- Hard to talk/walk
what can you use if you don’t have a inhaler or medication available in case of asthma attack
1-2 cups of strong coffee -> last for 3-4h
what do you give in case of an opioid overdose and how often
Naloxone repeated every 3 minutes until responsive
how do you adimnistrated naloxone in the nose
Victim supine, perform head tilt
-Insert tip of nasal spout into right nostril as far as it goes
(aim nasal spout slightly lateral)* -Press plunger firmly with thumb to push in dose
-Remove device and quickly discard, note time of administration
-Repeat in 3 minutes if no response (use left nostril)
Breathing and Carotid pulse verification» is done simultaneously for a maximum of _ s
10sec
ventilation if pulse present but no breathing
START: VENTILATIONS Start with Pocket Mask, progress to BVM -SEEK: Causative factors for respiratory arrest
-RE-CHECK PULSE: Every 2 minutes /change in status
first 2 breath are done with or without OPA and with what during ventilation with pulse but no breathing athlete
FIRST 2 BREATHES are done with a pocket mask (without OPA) -Ventilate 1 breath every 5-6 seconds (adult)
-OPA should be sized & ideally inserted before subsequent vents
disadvantage of BVM
*Not an easy one person skill to master
*Maintaining an adequate seal
- Proper head position *Recommended as a 2 rescuer skill
* Cannot stay proficient without practice
* Not available to all rescuers
what is hypoxia
*Insufficient oxygen reaches cells of the body
*Occurs during serious/traumatic injury or sudden illness
* The body can benefit from supplemental oxygen to prevent hypoxia
S/S of hypoxia
*Increased respirations and pulse *Cyanosis (usually: face is blue=brain is too)
*Changes in level of consciousness
* Restlessness *Chest pain
how to prevent hypoxia -> Always establish and maintain an _ provide adequate _, and _ as required.
open airway, ventilation, chest compression
is pre-hospital ventilation is recommended and why
no, It has been shown to lower CO2, which causes alkalosis, which subsequently prevents transfer of oxygen to the cell.
SpO2 is part of which assessment
primary
where can pulse ox can be placed
finger, earlobe, toe
A chronic prolonged level of _ SpO2 indicates potential hypoxemia, or deficiency in oxygen reaching tissues in the body.
92% or less
An oxygen saturation level of at least _% is considered normal for most healthy individuals.
95
For patients with acute myocardial infarction or stroke, do not initiate oxygen therapy in patients with SpO2 ≥% (for ≥93% strong recommendation, for 90-92% weak recommendation)
90
Target Range for the SpO2 _ (reasonable for most patients)
* Continue O2 admin if SpO2 less than or equal to _%
* Stop the O2 admin if SpO2 above _
90-94%, 96%, 96%
For acute stroke or MI
* Do not start O2 admin if SpO2 at or above
_%
93
Studies have shown that O2 therapy can increase
_, result in a decrease in coronary blood flow
and cardiac output, and bring about numerous negative effects such as increase in the risk of arrhythmia and cellular damage*
microvascular resistance
for patient with acute stroke or acute myocardial infarction what is the recommendation of oxygen therapy if O2 saturation is between 90-92%
we suggest not providing oxygen therapy
for patient with acute stroke or acute myocardial infarction what is the recommendation of oxygen therapy if O2 saturation is between greater than 92%
we recommend not provinding oxygen therapy
what is inhalation
patient is breathing but need supplemental oxygen
what is ventilation
patient is not breathing, breath must be delivered
when do we use nasal canula
breathing casualities, extremely stable
when do we use resuscitation mask
breathing + non breathing casualties
when do we use NRB
breathing casualties
when do we use BVM
breathing + non breathing casualties
flow of nasal canula
1-6 L
flow of NRB
10-15 lpm
precaution during oxygen delivery
- do not operate around flame
- do not stand cylinder upright
- do not use grease/oil/petrleum product to lubricate
- check oxygen flow before placing delivery device on victim
how many O2 need on reservoir
1. Full tank
2. Minimum volume to be “rescue ready” without a back-up tank
3. Change tank
4. Residual volume that should be kept in tank
2000 psi
800 psi
500 psi
200 psi
Emergency interventions in sports setting usually last less than _minutes…
15 min
