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CATA 462 > acute illness > Flashcards

acute illness Flashcards

1
Q

AEIOU TIPS

A

A: allergy
E: epilepsy, endocrine problem. Electrolyte abnormality
I: insulin
O: overdose
U: underdose

T: trauma, temperature abnormality
I: infection
P: psychogenic
S: stroke, space occupying lesion in cranium

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2
Q

what is a syncope

A
  • Temporary loss of consciousness -> brief lack of flow to the brain
  • normal: 50 ml/min, syncope occurs under 30 ml/min
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3
Q

most common reason of syncope

A

orthostatic hypotension, vasovagal responsed, heart not pumping enoigh blood to the brain, arrythmia or weak heart muscle

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4
Q

type of neurocardiogenic syncope

A

vasovagal, micturition/defecation, carotid hypersensitivity, cough syncope

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5
Q

type of neuropathic syncope

A

paraneoplastic, chronic/toxic (diabet), post viral, neurodegenerative, POTS

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6
Q

T/F syncopal episode are almost never from a seizure

A

T

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7
Q

what is the most common cause of syncope, near syncope and dizzinesss

A

orthostatic syncope

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8
Q

which one between seizure and syncope have increase muscle tone

A

seizure

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9
Q

which one between seizure and syncope have decrease muscle tone

A

syncope

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10
Q

number of limb jerk for syncope and for seizure

A

syncope: <10
seizure: >20

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11
Q

what is bezoid-jarisch reflex

A

acute loss of postural tone, hypotension, transient global cerebral hypoperfusion

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12
Q

why syncopal episode is more concerning during exercise compare to after exercise

A

concern for structural heart disease, can be only s/s precede sudden cardiac death

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13
Q

what can be one of the only SS preceding sudden cardiac death

A

syncope during exercise

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14
Q

facture of exercise-related syncope

A

dehydration, reduction in plasma volume

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15
Q

what is vasovagal syncope

A

non-exercise related syncope: from sitting to stangind, experiencing fear or emotional distress or specific trigger (like seing blood)

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16
Q

symptom of vasovagal syncope

A

lightheadedness, pallor, feeling of warmth, diaphoresis, nausea, epigastric pain

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17
Q

what is situational syncope

A

non-exercise related syncope: reproduce with certain behaviour (coughing, bearing down to pass stoll, micturition)

18
Q

what are the 3 types of non-exercise related syncope

A

neurocardiogenic, vasovagal, situational syncope

19
Q

what are the different type of seizure

A
  • generalized tonic-clonic seizure
  • partial seizure
  • absence seizure
  • febrile seizure
20
Q

which type of seizure affected only small area of one hemisphere

A

partial seizure

21
Q

which type of seizure affected both hemisphere of brain

A

generalized tonic-clonic seizure (grand mal)

22
Q

with which type of seizure the person might smell burn toast

A

absence seizure

23
Q

type of seizure occurring < 5yrs old and why does it happen

A

5 and rapid increase in body temp > 39

24
Q

what is the most common type of seizure with epileptic

A

partial seizure

25
Q

which type of seizure is most common in children

A

absence seizure (petit mal)

26
Q

what can you use with seizure

A

seizure rescue nasal spray
○ Need to use both dose

27
Q

normal blood glucose when fasting of before meal

A

4 to 7 mmol/L

28
Q

normal blood glucose 2 hours after eating

A

5.0 to 10 mmol/L

29
Q

what is mild blood glucose and what do you give

A

3.0 to 3.9
give oral glucose

30
Q

what is moderate/low blood glucose and what do you give

A

< 3.0. -> give oral glucose

31
Q

what is severe low blood glucose and what do you give

A

< 3.0 give glucagon

32
Q

what are the 2 type of thing you can give with someone one severe hypoglycemia

A

dry glucagon nasal spray
glucagon vial/IM injection

33
Q

is bubble from mixing glucagon solution is normal

A

yes

34
Q

when can’t you use the glucagon vial solution

A

if it’s cloudy or see solid particule that won’t resolve

35
Q

where can you inject glucagon

A
  • Inject on top of thigh, outer buttock, upper outer arm
    Inject at 90º
36
Q

what do you do after injection of glucagon

A

turn on their side and check blood sugar after 15min
- If still below 3.9 after 15min, follow 15/15 rule
- If not awake after 15min -> second dose if have one
- If higher than 3.0 eat a snack or next meal within an hour

37
Q

at what age can you use dry nasal spray BAQSIMI

A

over 4 yrs old

38
Q

who can give BAQSIMI

A

family, caregiver, friends,hcp for conscious or uncouscious person

39
Q

do you absolutely need to use both dose of seizure rescue nasal spray

A

yes

40
Q

what are the 4 stage of generalized tonic-clonic seizure

A
  1. aura (unusual sensation/feeling)
  2. tonic (LOR, muscle rigidity)
  3. clonic (convulsion)
  4. postictal (diminished responsiveness/ gradual recovery/confusion)

CATA 462 (22 decks)

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