acute illness Flashcards
AEIOU TIPS
A: allergy
E: epilepsy, endocrine problem. Electrolyte abnormality
I: insulin
O: overdose
U: underdose
T: trauma, temperature abnormality
I: infection
P: psychogenic
S: stroke, space occupying lesion in cranium
what is a syncope
- Temporary loss of consciousness -> brief lack of flow to the brain
- normal: 50 ml/min, syncope occurs under 30 ml/min
most common reason of syncope
orthostatic hypotension, vasovagal responsed, heart not pumping enoigh blood to the brain, arrythmia or weak heart muscle
type of neurocardiogenic syncope
vasovagal, micturition/defecation, carotid hypersensitivity, cough syncope
type of neuropathic syncope
paraneoplastic, chronic/toxic (diabet), post viral, neurodegenerative, POTS
T/F syncopal episode are almost never from a seizure
T
what is the most common cause of syncope, near syncope and dizzinesss
orthostatic syncope
which one between seizure and syncope have increase muscle tone
seizure
which one between seizure and syncope have decrease muscle tone
syncope
number of limb jerk for syncope and for seizure
syncope: <10
seizure: >20
what is bezoid-jarisch reflex
acute loss of postural tone, hypotension, transient global cerebral hypoperfusion
why syncopal episode is more concerning during exercise compare to after exercise
concern for structural heart disease, can be only s/s precede sudden cardiac death
what can be one of the only SS preceding sudden cardiac death
syncope during exercise
facture of exercise-related syncope
dehydration, reduction in plasma volume
what is vasovagal syncope
non-exercise related syncope: from sitting to stangind, experiencing fear or emotional distress or specific trigger (like seing blood)
symptom of vasovagal syncope
lightheadedness, pallor, feeling of warmth, diaphoresis, nausea, epigastric pain
what is situational syncope
non-exercise related syncope: reproduce with certain behaviour (coughing, bearing down to pass stoll, micturition)
what are the 3 types of non-exercise related syncope
neurocardiogenic, vasovagal, situational syncope
what are the different type of seizure
- generalized tonic-clonic seizure
- partial seizure
- absence seizure
- febrile seizure
which type of seizure affected only small area of one hemisphere
partial seizure
which type of seizure affected both hemisphere of brain
generalized tonic-clonic seizure (grand mal)
with which type of seizure the person might smell burn toast
absence seizure
type of seizure occurring < 5yrs old and why does it happen
5 and rapid increase in body temp > 39
what is the most common type of seizure with epileptic
partial seizure
which type of seizure is most common in children
absence seizure (petit mal)
what can you use with seizure
seizure rescue nasal spray
○ Need to use both dose
normal blood glucose when fasting of before meal
4 to 7 mmol/L
normal blood glucose 2 hours after eating
5.0 to 10 mmol/L
what is mild blood glucose and what do you give
3.0 to 3.9
give oral glucose
what is moderate/low blood glucose and what do you give
< 3.0. -> give oral glucose
what is severe low blood glucose and what do you give
< 3.0 give glucagon
what are the 2 type of thing you can give with someone one severe hypoglycemia
dry glucagon nasal spray
glucagon vial/IM injection
is bubble from mixing glucagon solution is normal
yes
when can’t you use the glucagon vial solution
if it’s cloudy or see solid particule that won’t resolve
where can you inject glucagon
- Inject on top of thigh, outer buttock, upper outer arm
Inject at 90º
what do you do after injection of glucagon
turn on their side and check blood sugar after 15min
- If still below 3.9 after 15min, follow 15/15 rule
- If not awake after 15min -> second dose if have one
- If higher than 3.0 eat a snack or next meal within an hour
at what age can you use dry nasal spray BAQSIMI
over 4 yrs old
who can give BAQSIMI
family, caregiver, friends,hcp for conscious or uncouscious person
do you absolutely need to use both dose of seizure rescue nasal spray
yes
what are the 4 stage of generalized tonic-clonic seizure
- aura (unusual sensation/feeling)
- tonic (LOR, muscle rigidity)
- clonic (convulsion)
- postictal (diminished responsiveness/ gradual recovery/confusion)
