circulatory emergency Flashcards
what is the leading cause of death in young athlete
sudden cardiac arrest
common cause of SCA in athlete
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (25%) Coronary artery anomalies (14%)
Commotio cordis: ventricular arrhythmia by blunt trauma (20%)
what can be a trigger for ventricular arrhythmias in athletes with underlying heart disease.
vigorous exercise
what is a TIA
A Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) is a temporary “mini-stroke”. caused by a temporary interruption of blood flow to the brain.
symptom of TIA
similar to an ischemic stroke except they go away in a
few minutes or hours (no more than 24 hours).
tia is a important warning of what
that you may be at risk of having an ischemic stroke
in the future.
what is a stroke
A stroke is a sudden loss of brain function. It is caused by the interruption of the flow of blood to the brain (an ischemic stroke) or the rupture of blood vessels in the brain (a hemorrhagic stroke).
what is a thrombotic stroke
A thrombotic stroke is caused by a blood clot (thrombus) that forms in an artery going to the brain.
what is embolic stroke
occurs when a brain artery is blocked by a clot that formed elsewhere in the body (an embolus) and is carried through the blood stream to the brain.
what is an ischemic stroke
An ischemic stroke is the result of the interruption of the flow to blood to the brain by a blood clot.
what is a hemorrhagic stroke
About 20% of strokes are hemorrhagic. A hemorrhagic stroke is caused by uncontrolled bleeding in the brain. As well as interrupting the normal flow of blood within the brain, the uncontrolled bleeding “floods” and kills brain cells.
warning signs of stroke/TIA
Weakness - Sudden weakness, numbness or
tingling in the face, arm or leg.
Trouble Speaking - Sudden temporary loss of speech or understanding speech
Vision Problems - Sudden loss of vision, particularly in one eye or double vision
Headache - Sudden severe and unusual headache.
Dizziness - Sudden loss of balance, especially with any of above signs.
TPA can occurs up to _ after stroke symptoms started
4.5h
angina chest discomfort is usually felt when the person is
active, stressed, eaten alot, extreme temp
what is angina
Angina is a discomfort in the chest caused when the heart does not
receive enough O2.
during agina the pain should go away when
resting
when having a heart attack the person is more likely to do what with is hand
More likely to have a fist or clenched hand to chest than a flat hand
If the fully conscious person does not
carry nitroglycerin or if the pain is not relieved by the first dose of nitroglycerin, suggest* the person chew
2 children’s ASA tablets (80 mg each) or one regular
adult dose ASA tablet (325 mg)
nitro is contraindicated if the person take which medication
viagra, levitra, cialis or revatio
how do you administrated nitro
Nitroglycerin spray is sprayed under the tongue and is rapidly absorbed.
nitro start working within _ and work for about _ minutes
1-2 min, 5-6 min
The nitroglycerin dose may be repeated every _ minutes until the pain is relieved or until a maximum of _ doses have been administered.
5min, 3
“Coated” or “enteric coated” ASA is NOW OK for treatment of chest pain as long as it is
chewed
can you use tylenol to subtituted aspirin (ASA)
Acetaminophen (TylenolTM) cannot be substituted for ASA as acetaminophen does not have any beneficial effect on myocardial infarction.
Current research has shown that early administration of _ of ASA can reduce the effects of a heart attack by as much
a _%.
160-325mg, 20%
what do you if witnessed adult cardiac arrest code 99
- Continuous compressions (200 and switch compressor) first 4-6 minutes 2. OPA + Passive O2 with NRB mask 10/l min
-Local variations exist,
-Intervention changes with presence of high performance BLS team -AED protocol never delayed
what to do in unwitnessed adult cardiac arrest
Unwitnessed CODE 99
1. CPR 30:2
2. OPA + BVM/O2/Reservoir
-AED protocol never delayed
