Respiratory Emergencies Flashcards

Question

S/S of chronic bronchitis

Answer 1

Cough (hallmark sign) is prominent: vigorous cougl ing produces spulum • Typically, overwcight, with prominent peripheril edema and chronic jugular vein distention • Chronically cyanotic complexion (As already noted chronic bronchitis patients were often called "blue bloaters," but this is outdated because many COPD patients don`t conform to the description,) • Minimal difficulty in breathing and anxiety, unless in respiratory ilure • Spo, reading of <94%, indicating chronic hypoxemia • Scattered rales (cracklest and coarse rhonchi usually heard upon ausculttionof the lungs • Wheezes and, possibly, crackles a the bases ol the lungs • Asterixis (lapping of the extended wrists) may be seen in respiratory failure

Answer 2

Ensuring an open airway and adequate breathing position of comfort administration of supplemental oxygen if necessary. Perhaps even an metered dose inhaler or small volume nebulizer.

Answer 3

Hypoxic drive, which means. Since the body normally responds to increasing levels of carbon dioxide to stimulate breathing, but in this drive, the hypoxic drive, the body responds to low levels of oxygen in the body to stimulate breathing.

Answer 4

88%-92% (use nasal cannula staring at 2 lpm but rising up to 6lpm)

Answer 5

There is moderate to severe dyspena with the use of accessory muscles and paradoxal abdominal movement, or the respiratory rate is greater than 25 per minute.

Answer 6

5 to 10 cm H²0 but if the patient’s condition continues to deteriorate, remove CPAP and begin BVM (Bag value mask) ventilation

Answer 7

Characterized by an increased sensitivity of the airways to irritants and allergens, causing bronchospasm which is a diffuse reversible narrowing of the bronchi and bronchioles as well as inflammation to the lining of the lower airways.

Answer 8

Bronchial spasm , which is the construction of the smooth muscles in the bronchioles And edema which is swelling of the inner lining in the airways and increased secretion of mucus that causes plugging of the airways

Answer 9

A prolonged life, threatening attack that produces inadequate, breathing and severe signs and symptoms.

Answer 10

Yes but the patient does not respond to either O2 or medication therapy. And you should transport the patient immediately.

Answer 11

Extrinsic asthma or allergic asthma usually results from a reaction to dust Smoke or other irritants in the air.. Intrinsic asthma , which occurs due to infection , emotional stress, or strenuous excerise

Answer 12

Dyspnea (shortness of breath); can progressively worsen, (Dyspnea perception is different for patients and is not related to the degree of bronchoconstric. tion, swelling, and airway resistance.) • Cough. Olten begins carly and can be the only sign or symptom of an asthma attack, especially in elderly; a cough can be productive and olten worsens at night. • Wheezing on auscultation (typically expiratory). Can become diminished or absent with a severe reduction in airflow in the bronchioles. • Tachypnea • Taichycardia (A heart rate greater than 120 bpm with lachypnea often indicates a severe asthma attack.) • Lse of accessory muscles • Diaphoresis secondary due to an increase in the work of breathing; if profound it is usually accompanied by a decreasing level of agitation and altered mental status • Anxiety and apprehension • Speaks in sentences (mild), phrases (moderate), or only words or syllables (severe) • Possible fever (This can be triggered by an upper respiratory tract infection, ) • Chest tightness • Inability to sleep; dyspnea often worsens at night (indicates poor asthma sympiom control) SpO2 <94% Symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux • Pulsus paridoxus (drop in systolic blood pressure of >10 mml lg during inhalation) indicates a severe asthma auack. This can be detected when the pulse amplitude decreases or the pulse is completely abolished during inhalation but retumns on exhalation • Reduction in the`peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) is often measured regularly by asthmatics on mainte- nance therapies

Answer 13

Upright positon • Signs and symptoms of severe respiratory distres • Tachypnea (520/minute and olten >40/minute. • Tachveardia (usually >120 bpm) • Pulsus paradoxus (a drop in systolic blood pressure ol 10 mmllg or more on inhaling) • Pale, cool skin with diaphoresis • Accessory muscle use Specch in single words or syllables • Wheczing absent due to severe bronchiole obstue- tion and minimal airflow * Decreasing consciousness and bradypnea indicating severe hypercarbia and the progression from respira- tory distess to impending respiratory failure 15 • Extreme fatigue or exhaustion; the patient is too tired to breathe " SpO, <90% while on supplemental oxygen

Answer 14

10-12 times per min adult

Answer 15

Reverse bronchoconstriction

Answer 16

Is a acute infectious disease Is cause by bacterium or a virus Is that effects the lower respiratory track and causes Lung inflammation and fluid or pus filled aveoli. This leads to ventilation disturbance in the aviola with poor gas exchange hypoxemia and eventual cellular hypoxia

Answer 17

Malaise and decreased appetite • Fever (may not occur in the elderly) • Cough (might be productive or nonproductive) • Dyspnea (less frequent in the elderly) ○ Tachypnea and tachycardia • Chest pain (sharp and localized and usually made worse when breathing deeply or coughing) • Decreased chest wall movement and shallow fespiralions Splinting of thorax by patient with his arm • Crackles, localized wheezing, and rhonchi heard on auscultation • Altered mental status, especially in the elderly • Diaphoresis • Cyanosis * SpO, <94%

Answer 18

No different from any patient.Having difficulty in breathing and sure the patient has adequate or ventilation. Administer supplemental oxygen via nasal canula at two liters per minute and titrate upward to establish and maintain an s b 02 have ninety four percentAdminister supplemental oxygen via nasal canula at 2 l per minute and titrate upward to establish and maintain an SP02 have 94%.

Answer 19

Pulmonary embolism is a sudden blockage of blood flow through a pulmonary artery or one of its branches.The embolism is usually caused by a blood clot, but it can be caused by a air bubble.A fat particle, a foreign object.Or an amniotic fluid. The blockage prevent blood from flowing into the lungs.

Answer 20

Sudden onset of unexplained dyspnea • Signs ol dilliculty in breathing or respiratory distress: rapid breathing • Sudden onset of sharp, stabbing chest pain predomi nantly during inhalation • Cough (might cough up blood) • Tachypnea • Tachycardia • Syncope (fainting) • Cool, moist skin • Restlessness, anxiety, or sense of doom • Decrease in blood pressure or hypotension (late sign) • Cyanosis (might be severe) (ate sign) • Distended neck veins (late sign) • Crackles • Fever • SpO, <94% Signs of complete Circulatory collapse

Answer 21

Typically related to an inadequate pumping function of the left, Ventrical Is that drastically increases the pressure in the pulmonary capillaries

Answer 22

Results from the destruction of the capillary bed that allows fulid to leak out

Answer 23

Caused by a cardiogenic etiology occurs when an excessive amount of fluid collects in the spaces between the aveoli and the capillaries. This intrusion of fluid distrubs normal gas exchange by reducing the capability of oxygen and carbon dioxide to diffuse across the aveolar capillary surface because of the collection of water, both in the aveoli and between the alveoli and capillaries, which makes less oxygen available to. The blood flowing through the capillaries.

Answer 24

Dyspnea, especially on exertion ◦ Dilliculty in breathing when lying flat (orthopnea) ◦ Waking up suddenly short of breath (paroxysmal noc- turnal dyspnea also known as PND) • Pink and/or frothy sputum (cardiogenic cause only) • Tachycardia • Anxiety, apprehension, combativeness, and conlusion • Tripod position with legs dangling • Fatigue • Crackles and possibly wheezing on auscultation • Cyanosis or dusky-color skin • Pale, moist skin • Distended neck veihs (cardiogenic cause only) • Swollen lower extremities (cardiogenic cause only) • Cough •Fever • Symptoms of cardiac compromise (cardiogenic Cause only) * SpO, <94%

Answer 25

Begin CPAP With a BVM and provide oxygen. Apply CPAP to patients which can maintain their own airway, GCS > 10, and have an SpO2 of > 94%

Answer 26

It is a sudden onset Pulmonary Is edema caused by an increase in sympathetic nerveous system output. This causes a systemic vasoconstriction, causing blood to be shunted to the core of the body, resulting in hypertension and an increase in the pressure in the aorta and arteries. This sudden increase in after loading. High resistance in the aorta makes the heart's ability to pump the blood out less effective. Fluid begins to build up in the area between the aveolus and the capillary, where gas exchange occurs, not allowing for appropriate oxygen diffusion.