Respiratory Drugs Flashcards
Bronchodilators: Beta-adrenergic agonists
albuterol
salmeterol
Bronchodilator
MOA: Beta 2 agonists
- selective v. non-selective
- short acting: albuterol (rescue inhaler)
- long acting: salmeterol (exercised induced bronchospasms, COPD)
Indications: Bronchospasm
Contraindications: Allergy, Uncontrolled HTN or Dysrhythmias, Inc. Risk of Stroke
Adverse Effects: R/T Selective V. Non-Selective
Interactions: Beta Blockers, Diabetics
Nursing Considerations ?????
Bronchodilators Anticholinergics: ipratropium
MOA: Block ACh from binding
Indications: Prevention of Bronchospasm
Contraindications: Allergy to Atropine, Glaucoma, BPH
Adverse Effects: Dry Mouth, Anxiety, Coughing,
Interactions: Additive effects
NCs: will take a little longer to work to prevent bronchospasm; respiratory, lung sounds, pulse ox, BP
Bronchodilators: xanthine derivatives
theophylline (Caffeine)
MOA: prevents breakdown of cAMP
Indications: bronchospasms unrelieved by other meds
Contraindications: dysrhythmias, seizures, liver impairment
AE: lots of coffee, buzzed feeling
Interactions: caffeine, St. John’s Wort
NC: worry about pt not having patent airway
nonbronchodilating: leukotriene receptor antagonists (montelukast)
MAO: Block Inflammatory Response
Indications: Prophylactic Seasonal Allergy
Contraindications: Specific Allergy to the drug or components of drug
Adverse Effects: Liver Dysfunction
Interactions: Phenobarbital & Rifampin
Nursing Considerations: liver enzymes, respiratory
nonbronchodilating: corticosteroid (methylprednisolone)
MAO: Stabilize Cell Wall & Inc. smooth muscle response to beta stimulation
Indications: Bronchospasm
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to glucocorticosteroids, Fungal Infections
Adverse Effects: pharyngeal irritation, Oral infections, Adrenal suppression, Cushing’s syndrome, CNS stimulation, Hyperglycemia
Interactions: antidiabetic meds., inc. levels of immunosuppressants, antifungals dec. clearance of steroids. Pg. 599
Nursing Considerations: mental status (some pts become crazy)
antihistamines
diphenhydramine: benadryl
loratadine: claritin
antihistamines
MOA: H1 Antagonists
Indicated for Allergies and Colds
Contraindicated: Allergy, Glaucoma and HTN
Adverse Effects: Sedative V. Nonsedative
Interactions: Additive V. Competitive
Nursing Considerations sedative vs non-sedative reactions
Decongestants (phenylephrine)
MOA: Shrink Mucosal Membranes
Indication: Nasal Congestion
Contraindication: Glaucoma, HTN, CV Dx, Diabetes
Adverse Effect: Alpha-Adrenergic
Interaction: Few mainly HTN effects
Nursing Considerations: diabetes, might increase blood sugars
Antitussives (codeine, benzonatate)
MOA: Suppresses Cough Center in the CNS
Indications: Non-Productive Cough
Contraindications: Dec. LOC, Resp. Supression, HTN*
Adverse Effects: CNS depression V. Cardiac stimulation
Interactions: CNS Depressants
Nursing Considerations: airway, opioid (codeine) vs nonopioid (benzonatate)
expectorants (guaifenesin)
MOA: Loosen & Thin Secretions
Indications: Relief of Cough associated with non-chronic coughs
Contraindications: Drug Allergy
Adverse Effects: N/V/gastric irritation
Interactions: No Known Significant
Nursing Considerations: allergic reaction
