respiratory drugs Flashcards
What drug class is epinephrine
adrenergic
What are the indications for epinephrine
anaphylaxis, emergent asthma, status asthmaticus
What are the side effects of epinephrine
tachycardia, dry mouth hyperglycemia, anxiety, incr cardiac oxygen demand
What drug class is albuterol (ventolin, proventil)
Short acting beta-agonist
What are the indications for albuterol (ventolin, proventil)
acute asthma attack
what are the side effects of albuterol (ventolin, proventil)
tachycardia, anxiety, palpitations
What drug class is salmeterol (severent)
long acting beta-agonist
what are the indications for salmeterol (severent)
chronic asthma or bronchospasm
What are the side effects of salmeterol (severent)
headache, cough. becoming non-responsive to short acting beta agonist
what drug class is ipratropium (atrovent)
anticholinergic
what are the indications of ipratropium (atrovent)
Asthma with COPD, intolerance to beta-agonist, refractory to beta-agonist
what drug class is zafirlukast (accolate)
Leukotriene receptor antagonist
What are the indications of zafirlukast (accolate)
prophylaxis and treatment of chronic asthma
What are the side effects of zafirlukast (accolate)
headache, GI distress, diarrhea
what drug class is beclomethasone (beclovent, vanceril)
corticosteroid
what are the indications of beclomethasone (beclovent, vanceril)
asthma not controlled by sympathymimetics
What are the side effects of beclomethasone (beclovent, vanceril)
Thrush, increased dental decay, adrenal supression. Inhaled has reduced incident from oral or IM.
What drug class is prednisone (deltasone)
corticosteroid
What are the (respiratory) indications for prednisone (deltasone)
COPD, worsening asthma
What are the side effects of prednisone (deltasone)
Salt and water retention, fat gain and redistribution, hyperglycemia and diabetes, osteoporosis and pathologic fractures, adrenal suppression
What drug class is theophylline (theo-dur)
Xanthine bronchodilator
What are the indications for theophylline
asthma, largely replaced by corticosteroids
What are the side effects of theophylline
arrhymia, death
What is of special note about theophylline
It has the narrowest therapeutic index of all asthmatic drugs, and interacts with cyp450, so it is easy to OD
What drug class is codeine
narcotic analgesic
what are the (respiratory) indications for codeine
Pain relief, cough suppression
What are the side effects of codeine
Drowsiness, constipation, G.I. upset, potential dependence
What drug class is dextromethorphan
morphine derivative
What are the indications for dextromethorphan
cough suppression, pain relief
What are the side effects of dextromethorphan
Less than those of morphine (constipation, addiction, decreased mentation)
What drug class is diphenhydramine (benadryl)
Antihistamine, H1 blocker
what are the indications of diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
Allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis, urticaria, pruritis, and often used to induce sleep. Helps with vertigo
What are the side effects of diphenhydramine (benadryl)
Variable degrees of sedation, drying and thickening of secretions and possible urinary retention (Classic anti-cholinergic side effect profile)
What drug class is loratadine (claritin)
non-sedating antihistamine (H1 receptor agonist)
what are the indications for loratadine (claritin)
seasonal allergic rhinitis, hay fever
what are the side effects of loratadine (claritin)
dry mouth, diminished urination, tears. Non-sedating
What drug class is phenylephrine (afrin)
alpha-adrenergic
What are the indications for phenylephrine (afrin)
Nasal congestion
What are the side effects of phenylephrine
rebound congestion, dependence
What is the best use for cromolyn
exercise induced asthma, prophylaxis
What is the best admin route for epinephrine
Oral is NOT effective, but SQ or IM is effective
What is the MOA for a beta-agonist drug
Bronchodilation via β2 adrenergic receptor stimulation, increased cAMP levels and resultant bronchial smooth muscle relaxation.
What is the benefit to using a spacer with an inhaler
Placement of “spacer” may allow for slower velocity of delivery so that a greater volume of smaller, slower velocity particles can reach the lung