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respiratory drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What drug class is epinephrine

A

adrenergic

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2
Q

What are the indications for epinephrine

A

anaphylaxis, emergent asthma, status asthmaticus

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3
Q

What are the side effects of epinephrine

A

tachycardia, dry mouth hyperglycemia, anxiety, incr cardiac oxygen demand

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4
Q

What drug class is albuterol (ventolin, proventil)

A

Short acting beta-agonist

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5
Q

What are the indications for albuterol (ventolin, proventil)

A

acute asthma attack

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6
Q

what are the side effects of albuterol (ventolin, proventil)

A

tachycardia, anxiety, palpitations

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7
Q

What drug class is salmeterol (severent)

A

long acting beta-agonist

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8
Q

what are the indications for salmeterol (severent)

A

chronic asthma or bronchospasm

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9
Q

What are the side effects of salmeterol (severent)

A

headache, cough. becoming non-responsive to short acting beta agonist

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10
Q

what drug class is ipratropium (atrovent)

A

anticholinergic

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11
Q

what are the indications of ipratropium (atrovent)

A

Asthma with COPD, intolerance to beta-agonist, refractory to beta-agonist

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12
Q

what drug class is zafirlukast (accolate)

A

Leukotriene receptor antagonist

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13
Q

What are the indications of zafirlukast (accolate)

A

prophylaxis and treatment of chronic asthma

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14
Q

What are the side effects of zafirlukast (accolate)

A

headache, GI distress, diarrhea

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15
Q

what drug class is beclomethasone (beclovent, vanceril)

A

corticosteroid

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16
Q

what are the indications of beclomethasone (beclovent, vanceril)

A

asthma not controlled by sympathymimetics

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17
Q

What are the side effects of beclomethasone (beclovent, vanceril)

A

Thrush, increased dental decay, adrenal supression. Inhaled has reduced incident from oral or IM.

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18
Q

What drug class is prednisone (deltasone)

A

corticosteroid

19
Q

What are the (respiratory) indications for prednisone (deltasone)

A

COPD, worsening asthma

20
Q

What are the side effects of prednisone (deltasone)

A

Salt and water retention, fat gain and redistribution, hyperglycemia and diabetes, osteoporosis and pathologic fractures, adrenal suppression

21
Q

What drug class is theophylline (theo-dur)

A

Xanthine bronchodilator

22
Q

What are the indications for theophylline

A

asthma, largely replaced by corticosteroids

23
Q

What are the side effects of theophylline

A

arrhymia, death

24
Q

What is of special note about theophylline

A

It has the narrowest therapeutic index of all asthmatic drugs, and interacts with cyp450, so it is easy to OD

25
Q

What drug class is codeine

A

narcotic analgesic

26
Q

what are the (respiratory) indications for codeine

A

Pain relief, cough suppression

27
Q

What are the side effects of codeine

A

Drowsiness, constipation, G.I. upset, potential dependence

28
Q

What drug class is dextromethorphan

A

morphine derivative

29
Q

What are the indications for dextromethorphan

A

cough suppression, pain relief

30
Q

What are the side effects of dextromethorphan

A

Less than those of morphine (constipation, addiction, decreased mentation)

31
Q

What drug class is diphenhydramine (benadryl)

A

Antihistamine, H1 blocker

32
Q

what are the indications of diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

A

Allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis, urticaria, pruritis, and often used to induce sleep. Helps with vertigo

33
Q

What are the side effects of diphenhydramine (benadryl)

A

Variable degrees of sedation, drying and thickening of secretions and possible urinary retention (Classic anti-cholinergic side effect profile)

34
Q

What drug class is loratadine (claritin)

A

non-sedating antihistamine (H1 receptor agonist)

35
Q

what are the indications for loratadine (claritin)

A

seasonal allergic rhinitis, hay fever

36
Q

what are the side effects of loratadine (claritin)

A

dry mouth, diminished urination, tears. Non-sedating

37
Q

What drug class is phenylephrine (afrin)

A

alpha-adrenergic

38
Q

What are the indications for phenylephrine (afrin)

A

Nasal congestion

39
Q

What are the side effects of phenylephrine

A

rebound congestion, dependence

40
Q

What is the best use for cromolyn

A

exercise induced asthma, prophylaxis

41
Q

What is the best admin route for epinephrine

A

Oral is NOT effective, but SQ or IM is effective

42
Q

What is the MOA for a beta-agonist drug

A

Bronchodilation via β2 adrenergic receptor stimulation, increased cAMP levels and resultant bronchial smooth muscle relaxation.

43
Q

What is the benefit to using a spacer with an inhaler

A

Placement of “spacer” may allow for slower velocity of delivery so that a greater volume of smaller, slower velocity particles can reach the lung

Pharm 1 (14 decks)

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