Gastro part 1 Flashcards
What is a strict contraindication to using any laxative
bowel obstruction
What does a laxative do
Allows for increased movement of stool through the bowels
What drug class is metamucil
fiber laxative
What is the MOA of metamucil
Adds bulk to stool and well as absorbing fluid into the feces to soften the stool
Which form of metamucil contains gluten
The wafers (which of course are tastier than the drink powder)
What drug class is Docusate (colace)
stool softener
What is the MOA of docusate
anionic surfactant
What drug type cause constipation
narcotics of all types. The mau receptor sites that they act on are responsible for peristalsis
What drug class is milk of magnesia
osmotic laxative, antacid
what drug class is Bisacodyl/ Dulcolax
stimulant laxative
what drug class is loperamide (imodium)
antidiarrheal (analog of meperidine)
What is the MOA of loperamide (imodium)
Diminished peristalsis due to activation of opiate receptors in GI tract. Loperamide is an opioid receptor agonist and acts on the μ-opioid receptors in the myenteric plexus within the large intestines. It does not affect the central nervous system like other opioids
What are the indications of loperamide (imodium)
acute diarrhea and management of chronic bowel disease
What drug class is diphenoxylate with atropine (lomotil)
antidiarrheal
What is the MOA of lomotil
Combination of morphine analog and acetylcholine inhibitor results in diminished peristalsis
What drug class is meclizine (anti vert)
antiemetic
What is the MOA of meclizine (antivert)
H1 histamine blocker
What are the side effects of meclizine
drowsiness, dizziness, dry mouth, urinary retention
What drug class is metoclopramide (reglan)
antiemetic and a prokinetic
What are the indications of metoclopramide (reglan)
gastroparesis, mild to moderate nausea, GERD
What is the MOA of metoclopramide (reglan)
Dopamine 2 blocker and mixed serotonin 3 antagonist/serotonin 4 agonist
what drug class is ondansetron (zofran)
antiemetic
What is the MOA of ondansetron (zofran)
Blockade of serotonin (5HT3) receptor sites results in signifigant anti-nausea effect
What are in the indications of ondansetron
given prophylaxically for chemo therapy
What drug class is syrup of ipecac
emetic
what are the major causes of PUD
H. pylori, NSAID and/or aspirin use, severe stress
What drug class is calcium carbonate (tums)
antacid
What is the MOA of calcium carbonate
neutralization of stomach acid, reducing mucosal irritation
What are the side effects of calcium carbonate use
Constipation. may block nutrient absorption and inhibit protection against ingested microbes
What drug class is ranitidine (zantac)
H2 histamines receptor antagonist
What are the indications for ranitidine (zantac)
Gastritis, GERD, PUD
What are some side effects of ranitidine (greater if given IV)
altered mental status, dizziness
What are the risks of being on a PPI or H2 blocker
Your stomach pH is higher so that it doesn’t kill ingested pathogens, and decreases protein digestion, nutrient absorption. Greater risk for pneumonia and C. diff
what drug class is omeprazole (prilosec)
proton pump inhibitor
What is the MOA of omeprazole
Inhibits H+/K+ ATPase pump of parietal cells thus reducing acid secretion
What are the indications of omeprazole
gastritis, GERD, PUD
What is the most potent type of gastritis drug
PPI’s
What drug class is esomeprazole (nexium)
It is the enaniomer of omeprazole, and identical in action
How do you treat PUD due to H. pylori
triple therapy: 2 abx and a PPI
What antibiotics can be used for H. pylori
amoxicillin, erythromycin, clarithormycin, tetracycline, metronidazole (Not zithro)
